Magnitudes de 20 años de planes y programas de rehabilitación y regeneración urbana

La experiencia que aquí se presenta es un resumen de los resultados y reflexiones extraídas del proyecto «Análisis de las políticas estatales y europeas de regeneración urbana y rehabilitación de barrios» llevado a cabo desde el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio (DUyOT) de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (ETSAM) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) en el marco del convenio suscrito con el Ministerio de Fomento, a través de la Dirección General de Suelo y Políticas Urbanas. El encargo del Ministerio de Fomento surge tras haberse realizado, durante los años 2009 y 2010, el segundo Catálogo de Barrios Vulnerables; y en base a la necesidad de reflexionar sobre las políticas de rehabilitación urbana que se habían producido en España al amparo de los distintos programas públicos de vivienda; políticas que superaban la intervención sobre el edificio y tenían por objeto la reincorporación a la ciudad de los barrios objeto de intervención. Dada la diversidad de intervenciones y de sus resultados, y con el objetivo de enclavar el estudio dentro del marco europeo de la Regeneración Urbana Integrada definido en la Declaración de Toledo (junio de 2010), se consideró interesante y oportuno analizar las políticas estatales de regeneración y rehabilitación implementadas en España en las últimas décadas.

Optimization of energy extraction in transverse galloping

A numerical method to analyse the stability of transverse galloping based on experimental measurements, as an alternative method to polynomial fitting of the transverse force coefficient Cz, is proposed in this paper. The Glauert–Den Hartog criterion is used to determine the region of angles of attack (pitch angles) prone to present galloping. An analytic solution (based on a polynomial curve of Cz) is used to validate the method and to evaluate the discretization errors. Several bodies (of biconvex, D-shape and rhomboidal cross sections) have been tested in a wind tunnel and the stability of the galloping region has been analysed with the new method. An algorithm to determine the pitch angle of the body that allows the maximum value of the kinetic energy of the flow to be extracted is presented.

Transverse galloping at low Reynolds numbers

The possibility of transverse galloping of a square cylinder at low Reynolds numbers (Re≤200Re≤200, so that the flow is presumably laminar) is analysed. Transverse galloping is here considered as a one-degree-of-freedom oscillator subjected to fluid forces, which are described by using the quasi-steady hypothesis (time-averaged data are extracted from previous numerical simulations). Approximate solutions are obtained by means of the method of Krylov-Bogoliubov, with two major conclusions: (i) a square cylinder cannot gallop below a Reynolds number of 159 and (ii) in the range 159≤Re≤200159≤Re≤200 the response exhibits no hysteresis.

Hysteresis in transverse galloping: the role of the inflection points

Transverse galloping is here considered as a one-degree-of-freedom oscillator subjected to aerodynamic forces, which are described by using the quasi-steady hypothesis. The hysteresis of transverse galloping is also analyzed. Approximate solutions of the model are obtained by assuming that the aerodynamic and damping forces are much smaller than the inertial and stiffness ones. The analysis of the approximate solution, which is obtained by means of the method of Krylov–Bogoliubov, reveals the existing link between the hysteresis phenomenon and the number of inflection points at the aerodynamic force coefficient curve, Cy(α)Cy(α); CyCy and αα being, respectively, the force coefficient normal to the incident flow and the angle of attack. The influence of the position of these inflection points on the range of flow velocities in which hysteresis takes place is also analyzed.