Experimental investigation of radio signal propagation in scientific facilities for telerobotic applications

Understanding the radio signal transmission characteristics in the environment where the telerobotic application is sought is a key part of achieving a reliable wireless communication link between a telerobot and a control station. In this paper, wireless communication requirements and a case study of a typical telerobotic application in an underground facility at CERN are presented. Then, the theoretical and experimental characteristics of radio propagation are investigated with respect to time, distance, location and surrounding objects. Based on analysis of the experimental findings, we show how a commercial wireless system, such as Wi-Fi, can be made suitable for a case study application at CERN.

Task-based telemanipulation for maintenance in large scientific facilities

This thesis presents a task-oriented approach to telemanipulation for maintenance in large scientific facilities, with specific focus on the particle accelerator facilities at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland and GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. It examines how telemanipulation can be used in these facilities and reviews how this differs from the representation of telemanipulation tasks within the literature. It provides methods to assess and compare telemanipulation procedures as well a test suite to compare telemanipulators themselves from a dexterity perspective. It presents a formalisation of telemanipulation procedures into a hierarchical model which can be then used as a basis to aid maintenance engineers in assessing tasks for telemanipulation, and as the basis for future research. The model introduces a new concept of Elemental Actions as the building block of telemanipulation movements and incorporates the dependent factors for procedures at a higher level of abstraction. In order to gain insight into realistic tasks performed by telemanipulation systems within both industrial and research environments a survey of teleoperation experts is presented. Analysis of the responses is performed from which it is concluded that there is a need within the robotics community for physical benchmarking tests which are geared towards evaluating the dexterity of telemanipulators for comparison of their dexterous abilities. A three stage test suite is presented which is designed to allow maintenance engineers to assess different telemanipulators for their dexterity. This incorporates general characteristics of the system, a method to compare kinematic reachability of multiple telemanipulators and physical test setups to assess dexterity from a both a qualitative perspective and measurably by using performance metrics. Finally, experimental results are provided for the application of the proposed test suite onto two telemanipulation systems, one from a research setting and the other within CERN. It describes the procedure performed and discusses comparisons between the two systems, as well as providing input from the expert operator of the CERN system.

Rocks are human beings: researching the humanizing metaphor in earth science scientific texts

This paper describes a corpus-based analysis of the humanizing metaphor and supports that constitutive metaphor in science and technology may be highly metaphorical and active. The study, grounded in Lakoff’s Theory of Metaphor and in Langacker’s relational networks, consists of two phases: firstly, Earth Science metaphorical terms were extracted from databases and dictionaries and, then, contextualized by means of the “Wordsmith” tool in a digitalized corpus created to establish their productivity. Secondly, the terms were classified to disclose the main conceptual metaphors underlying them; then, the mappings and the relational networks of the metaphor were described. Results confirm the systematicity and productivity of the metaphor in this field, show evidence that metaphoricity of scientific terms is gradable, and support that Earth Science metaphors are not only created in terms of their concrete salient properties and attributes, but also on abstract human anthropocentric projections.

Sistemas multiespectrales e hiperespectrales para la observación del territorio : análisis y aplicación a la prospección de hidrocarburos.

La observación de la Tierra es una herramienta de gran utilidad en la actualidad para el estudio de los fenómenos que se dan en la misma. La observación se puede realizar a distintas escalas y por distintos métodos dependiendo del propósito. El actual Trabajo Final de Grado persigue exponer la observación del territorio mediante técnicas de Teledetección, o Detección Remota, y su aplicación en la exploración de hidrocarburos. Desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial el capturar imágenes aéreas de regiones de la Tierra estaba restringido a usos cartográficos en el sentido estricto. Desde aquellos tiempos, hasta ahora, ha acontecido una serie de avances científicos que permiten deducir características intrínsecas de la Tierra mediante mecanismos complejos que no apreciamos a simple vista, pero que, están configurados mediante determinados parámetros geométricos y electrónicos, que permiten generar series temporales de fenómenos físicos que se dan en la Tierra. Hoy en día se puede afirmar que el aprovechamiento del espectro electromagnético está en un punto máximo. Se ha pasado del análisis de la región del espectro visible al análisis del espectro en su totalidad. Esto supone el desarrollo de nuevos algoritmos, técnicas y procesos para extraer la mayor cantidad de información acerca de la interacción de la materia con la radiación electromagnética. La información que generan los sistemas de captura va a servir para la aplicación directa e indirecta de métodos de prospección de hidrocarburos. Las técnicas utilizadas en detección por sensores remotos, aplicadas en campañas geofísicas, son utilizadas para minimizar costes y maximizar resultados en investigaciones de campo. La predicción de anomalías en la zona de estudio depende del analista, quien diseña, calcula y evalúa las variaciones de la energía electromagnética reflejada o emitida por la superficie terrestre. Para dicha predicción se revisarán distintos programas espaciales, se evaluará la bondad de registro y diferenciación espectral mediante el uso de distintas clasificaciones (supervisadas y no supervisadas). Por su influencia directa sobre las observaciones realizadas, se realiza un estudio de la corrección atmosférica; se programan distintos modelos de corrección atmosférica para imágenes multiespectrales y se evalúan los métodos de corrección atmosférica en datos hiperespectrales. Se obtendrá temperatura de la zona de interés utilizando los sensores TM-4, ASTER y OLI, así como un Modelo Digital del Terreno generado por el par estereoscópico capturado por el sensor ASTER. Una vez aplicados estos procedimientos se aplicarán los métodos directos e indirectos, para la localización de zonas probablemente afectadas por la influencia de hidrocarburos y localización directa de hidrocarburos mediante teledetección hiperespectral. Para el método indirecto se utilizan imágenes capturadas por los sensores ETM+ y ASTER. Para el método directo se usan las imágenes capturadas por el sensor Hyperion. ABSTRACT The observation of the Earth is a wonderful tool for studying the different kind of phenomena that occur on its surface. The observation could be done by different scales and by different techniques depending on the information of interest. This Graduate Thesis is intended to expose the territory observation by remote sensing acquiring data systems and the analysis that can be developed to get information of interest. Since Second World War taking aerials photographs of scene was restricted only to a cartographic sense. From these days to nowadays, it have been developed many scientific advances that make capable the interpretation of the surface behavior trough complex systems that are configure by specific geometric and electronic parameters that make possible acquiring time series of the phenomena that manifest on the earth’s surface. Today it is possible to affirm that the exploitation of the electromagnetic spectrum is on a maxim value. In the past, analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum was carry in a narrow part of it, today it is possible to study entire. This implicates the development of new algorithms, process and techniques for the extraction of information about the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. The information that has been acquired by remote sensing sensors is going to be a helpful tool for the exploration of hydrocarbon through direct and vicarious methods. The techniques applied in remote sensing, especially in geophysical campaigns, are employed to minimize costs and maximize results of ground-based geologic investigations. Forecasting of anomalies in the region of interest depends directly on the expertise data analyst who designs, computes and evaluates variations in the electromagnetic energy reflected or emanated from the earth’s surface. For an optimal prediction a review of the capture system take place; assess of the goodness in data acquisition and spectral separability, is carried out by mean of supervised and unsupervised classifications. Due to the direct influence of the atmosphere in the register data, a study of the minimization of its influence has been done; a script has been programed for the atmospheric correction in multispectral data; also, a review of hyperspectral atmospheric correction is conducted. Temperature of the region of interest is computed using the images captured by TM-4, ASTER and OLI, in addition to a Digital Terrain Model generated by a pair of stereo images taken by ASTER sensor. Once these procedures have finished, direct and vicarious methods are applied in order to find altered zones influenced by hydrocarbons, as well as pinpoint directly hydrocarbon presence by mean of hyperspectral remote sensing. For this purpose ETM+ and ASTER sensors are used to apply the vicarious method and Hyperion images are used to apply the direct method.

Rhetorical purpose and the use of definitions as a coherence device in scientific communication

Se analiza la función de las definiciones en los textos científicos como elemento esencial para crear coherencia y dotar de comprensibilidad al texto. Se presentan varios ejemplos en textos de divulgación y en artículos dirigidos a pares.

FragFlow: automated fragment detection in scientific workflows

Scientific workflows provide the means to define, execute and reproduce computational experiments. However, reusing existing workflows still poses challenges for workflow designers. Workflows are often too large and too specific to reuse in their entirety, so reuse is more likely to happen for fragments of workflows. These fragments may be identified manually by users as sub-workflows, or detected automatically. In this paper we present the FragFlow approach, which detects workflow fragments automatically by analyzing existing workflow corpora with graph mining algorithms. FragFlow detects the most common workflow fragments, links them to the original workflows and visualizes them. We evaluate our approach by comparing FragFlow results against user-defined sub-workflows from three different corpora of the LONI Pipeline system. Based on this evaluation, we discuss how automated workflow fragment detection could facilitate workflow reuse.

A semantic-based approach to attain reproducibility of computational environments in scientific workflows: a case study

Reproducible research in scientific workflows is often addressed by tracking the provenance of the produced results. While this approach allows inspecting intermediate and final results, improves understanding, and permits replaying a workflow execution, it does not ensure that the computational environment is available for subsequent executions to reproduce the experiment. In this work, we propose describing the resources involved in the execution of an experiment using a set of semantic vocabularies, so as to conserve the computational environment. We define a process for documenting the workflow application, management system, and their dependencies based on 4 domain ontologies. We then conduct an experimental evaluation using a real workflow application on an academic and a public Cloud platform. Results show that our approach can reproduce an equivalent execution environment of a predefined virtual machine image on both computing platforms.

Mining Abstractions in Scientific Workows

Los flujos de trabajo científicos han sido adoptados durante la última década para representar los métodos computacionales utilizados en experimentos in silico, así como para dar soporte a sus publicaciones asociadas. Dichos flujos de trabajo han demostrado ser útiles para compartir y reproducir experimentos científicos, permitiendo a investigadores visualizar, depurar y ahorrar tiempo a la hora de re-ejecutar un trabajo realizado con anterioridad. Sin embargo, los flujos de trabajo científicos pueden ser en ocasiones difíciles de entender y reutilizar. Esto es debido a impedimentos como el gran número de flujos de trabajo existentes en repositorios, su heterogeneidad o la falta generalizada de documentación y ejemplos de uso. Además, dado que normalmente es posible implementar un mismo método utilizando algoritmos o técnicas distintas, flujos de trabajo aparentemente distintos pueden estar relacionados a un determinado nivel de abstracción, basándose, por ejemplo, en su funcionalidad común. Esta tesis se centra en la reutilización de flujos de trabajo y su abstracción mediante la exploración de relaciones entre los flujos de trabajo de un repositorio y la extracción de abstracciones que podrían ayudar a la hora de reutilizar otros flujos de trabajo existentes. Para ello, se propone un modelo simple de representación de flujos de trabajo y sus ejecuciones, se analizan las abstracciones típicas que se pueden encontrar en los repositorios de flujos de trabajo, se exploran las prácticas habituales de los usuarios a la hora de reutilizar flujos de trabajo existentes y se describe un método para descubrir abstracciones útiles para usuarios, basadas en técnicas existentes de teoría de grafos. Los resultados obtenidos exponen las abstracciones y prácticas comunes de usuarios en términos de reutilización de flujos de trabajo, y muestran cómo las abstracciones que se extraen automáticamente tienen potencial para ser reutilizadas por usuarios que buscan diseñar nuevos flujos de trabajo. Abstract Scientific workflows have been adopted in the last decade to represent the computational methods used in in silico scientific experiments and their associated research products. Scientific workflows have demonstrated to be useful for sharing and reproducing scientific experiments, allowing scientists to visualize, debug and save time when re-executing previous work. However, scientific workflows may be difficult to understand and reuse. The large amount of available workflows in repositories, together with their heterogeneity and lack of documentation and usage examples may become an obstacle for a scientist aiming to reuse the work from other scientists. Furthermore, given that it is often possible to implement a method using different algorithms or techniques, seemingly disparate workflows may be related at a higher level of abstraction, based on their common functionality. In this thesis we address the issue of reusability and abstraction by exploring how workflows relate to one another in a workflow repository, mining abstractions that may be helpful for workflow reuse. In order to do so, we propose a simple model for representing and relating workflows and their executions, we analyze the typical common abstractions that can be found in workflow repositories, we explore the current practices of users regarding workflow reuse and we describe a method for discovering useful abstractions for workflows based on existing graph mining techniques. Our results expose the common abstractions and practices of users in terms of workflow reuse, and show how our proposed abstractions have potential to become useful for users designing new workflows.

Conservation of Computational Scientific Execution Environments for Workflow-based Experiments Using Ontologies

La reproducibilidad de estudios y resultados científicos es una meta a tener en cuenta por cualquier científico a la hora de publicar el producto de una investigación. El auge de la ciencia computacional, como una forma de llevar a cabo estudios empíricos haciendo uso de modelos matemáticos y simulaciones, ha derivado en una serie de nuevos retos con respecto a la reproducibilidad de dichos experimentos. La adopción de los flujos de trabajo como método para especificar el procedimiento científico de estos experimentos, así como las iniciativas orientadas a la conservación de los datos experimentales desarrolladas en las últimas décadas, han solucionado parcialmente este problema. Sin embargo, para afrontarlo de forma completa, la conservación y reproducibilidad del equipamiento computacional asociado a los flujos de trabajo científicos deben ser tenidas en cuenta. La amplia gama de recursos hardware y software necesarios para ejecutar un flujo de trabajo científico hace que sea necesario aportar una descripción completa detallando que recursos son necesarios y como estos deben de ser configurados. En esta tesis abordamos la reproducibilidad de los entornos de ejecución para flujos de trabajo científicos, mediante su documentación usando un modelo formal que puede ser usado para obtener un entorno equivalente. Para ello, se ha propuesto un conjunto de modelos para representar y relacionar los conceptos relevantes de dichos entornos, así como un conjunto de herramientas que hacen uso de dichos módulos para generar una descripción de la infraestructura, y un algoritmo capaz de generar una nueva especificación de entorno de ejecución a partir de dicha descripción, la cual puede ser usada para recrearlo usando técnicas de virtualización. Estas contribuciones han sido aplicadas a un conjunto representativo de experimentos científicos pertenecientes a diferentes dominios de la ciencia, exponiendo cada uno de ellos diferentes requisitos hardware y software. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la viabilidad de propuesta desarrollada, reproduciendo de forma satisfactoria los experimentos estudiados en diferentes entornos de virtualización. ABSTRACT Reproducibility of scientific studies and results is a goal that every scientist must pursuit when announcing research outcomes. The rise of computational science, as a way of conducting empirical studies by using mathematical models and simulations, have opened a new range of challenges in this context. The adoption of workflows as a way of detailing the scientific procedure of these experiments, along with the experimental data conservation initiatives that have been undertaken during last decades, have partially eased this problem. However, in order to fully address it, the conservation and reproducibility of the computational equipment related to them must be also considered. The wide range of software and hardware resources required to execute a scientific workflow implies that a comprehensive description detailing what those resources are and how they are arranged is necessary. In this thesis we address the issue of reproducibility of execution environments for scientific workflows, by documenting them in a formalized way, which can be later used to obtain and equivalent one. In order to do so, we propose a set of semantic models for representing and relating the relevant information of those environments, as well as a set of tools that uses these models for generating a description of the infrastructure, and an algorithmic process that consumes these descriptions for deriving a new execution environment specification, which can be enacted into a new equivalent one using virtualization solutions. We apply these three contributions to a set of representative scientific experiments, belonging to different scientific domains, and exposing different software and hardware requirements. The obtained results prove the feasibility of the proposed approach, by successfully reproducing the target experiments under different virtualization environments.

OSIRIS – The scientific camera system onboard Rosetta

The Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System OSIRIS is the scientific camera system onboard the Rosetta spacecraft (Figure 1). The advanced high performance imaging system will be pivotal for the success of the Rosetta mission. OSIRIS will detect 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from a distance of more than 106 km, characterise the comet shape and volume, its rotational state and find a suitable landing spot for Philae, the Rosetta lander. OSIRIS will observe the nucleus, its activity and surroundings down to a scale of ~2 cm px−1. The observations will begin well before the onset of cometary activity and will extend over months until the comet reaches perihelion. During the rendezvous episode of the Rosetta mission, OSIRIS will provide key information about the nature of cometary nuclei and reveal the physics of cometary activity that leads to the gas and dust coma. OSIRIS comprises a high resolution Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) unit and a Wide Angle Camera (WAC) unit accompanied by three electronics boxes. The NAC is designed to obtain high resolution images of the surface of comet 7P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko through 12 discrete filters over the wavelength range 250–1000 nm at an angular resolution of 18.6 μrad px−1. The WAC is optimised to provide images of the near-nucleus environment in 14 discrete filters at an angular resolution of 101 μrad px−1. The two units use identical shutter, filter wheel, front door, and detector systems. They are operated by a common Data Processing Unit. The OSIRIS instrument has a total mass of 35 kg and is provided by institutes from six European countries

Un nuevo sistema de gobernanza para afrontar los retos del siglo XXI en la educación universitaria en Perú basado en el modelo de análisis de políticas

Un nuevo sistema de gobernanza para afrontar los retos del siglo XXI en la educación universitaria en Perú basado en el modelo de análisis de políticas, surge de observar el efecto de la competencia en los mercados, de la distribución de los escasos recursos según productividad y rendimiento, y de la gestión ineficiente de las universidades ya que estos parámetros están cambiando los criterios de confianza y legitimidad del sistema universitario en Perú. Las universidades se perciben más como instituciones del sector público, mientras que los servicios que ofrecen deben más bien contribuir a la modernización de la sociedad emergente y a la economía del conocimiento. Las reformas universitarias- iniciadas en los años 80 - han estado inspiradas en las organizaciones universitarias exitosas que han logrado modificar su gobernanza y van dirigidas a transformar ciertas instituciones burocráticas en organizaciones capaces de desempeñar la función de actores en esta competición global por los recursos y los mejores talentos. En este contexto, la universidad peruana se enfrenta a dos grandes desafíos: el de adaptarse a las nuevas perspectivas mundiales, y el poder dar mejor respuesta a las demandas, necesidades y expectativas de la sociedad. Un cambio en el sistema de gobernanza para la educación superior universitaria dará una solución integral a estos desafíos permitiéndole enfrentar los problemas de la universidad para su desarrollo e inserción en las corrientes mundiales. La metodología planteada en la investigación es cualitativa parte del análisis de la realidad como un TODO, sin reducirlos a sus partes integrantes, con la interpretación de los hechos, buscando entender las variables que intervienen. Se propone una política para la educación universitaria en Perú que se permeabilice a la sociedad, cambiando el modelo de planificación de un modelo de reforma social a un modelo de análisis de políticas, donde el Estado Peruano actúe como único responsable de responder a la sociedad demandante como su representante legal, y con unos organismo externo e independiente que siente las bases de la práctica, como se está haciendo en muchos modelos universitarios del mundo. Esta investigación presenta una primera fase conceptual, que aborda la evolución histórica de las universidades en el Perú, analizando y clarificando las fuerzas impulsoras a través del tiempo y distinguir las principales líneas que le imprimen dirección y sentido a los cambios de una realidad educativa universitaria. Así mismo, en esta fase se hace un análisis de la situación actual de las universidades en el Perú para llegar a determinar en qué situación se encuentra y si está preparada para enfrentar los retos de la educación universitaria mundial, para esto se analizan los modelos universitarios de mayor prestigio en el mundo. El marco teórico anterior permite sentar, en una segunda fase de la investigación, las bases científicas del modelo que se propone: el modelo de planificación de análisis de políticas para el sistema universitario peruano. Este modelo de ámbito público propuesto para la educación universitaria peruana basa su estrategia en un modelo de planificación con un objetivo común: “Mejorar la calidad de la educación superior universitaria peruana con el fin de aumentar la empleabilidad y la movilidad de los ciudadanos así como la competitividad internacional de la educación universitaria en Perú”, y con unas líneas de acción concretadas en cuatro objetivos específicos: 1) competencias (genéricas y específicas de las áreas temáticas); 2) enfoques de enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación; 3) créditos académicos; 4) calidad de los programa. Así como los fundamentos metodológicos del modelo de análisis de políticas, utilizado como estructura política, teniendo en cuenta las características básicas del modelo: a) Planificación desde arriba; b) Se centra en la toma de decisiones; c) Separación entre conocimiento experto y decisión; d) El estudio de los resultados orienta el proceso decisor. Finalmente, se analiza una fase de validación del modelo propuesto para la educación superior universitaria peruana, con los avances ya realizados en Perú en temas de educación superior, como es, el actual contexto de la nueva Ley Universitaria N°30220 promulgada el 8 de julio de 2014, la creación del SUNEDU y la reorganización del SINEACE, que tienen como propósito atender la crisis universitaria centrada en tres ejes principales incluidos en la ley, considerados como bases para una reforma. Primero, el Estado asume la rectoría de las políticas educativas en todos los niveles educativos. El segundo aspecto consiste en instalar un mecanismo de regulación de la calidad que junto con la reestructuración de aquellos otros existentes debieran sentar las bases para que las familias y estudiantes tengan la garantía pública de que el servicio que se ofrece, sin importar sus características particulares, presenten un mínimo común de calidad y un tercer aspecto es que la ley se reafirma en que la universidad es un espacio de construcción de conocimiento basado en la investigación y la formación integral. Las finalidades, la estructura y organización, las formas de graduación, las características del cuerpo docente, la obligatoriedad por los estudios generales, etc., indican que la reflexión académica es el centro articulador de la vida universitaria. Esta validación también se ha confrontado con los resultados de las entrevistas cualitativas a juicio de experto que se han realizado a rectores de universidades públicas y privadas así como a rectores miembros de la ex ANR, miembros de organizaciones como CONCYTEC, IEP, CNE, CONEAU, ICACIT e investigadores en educación superior, con la finalidad de analizar la sostenibilidad del modelo propuesto en el tiempo. Los resultados evidencian, que en el sistema universitario peruano se puede implementar un cambio hacía un modelo de educación superior universitaria, con una política educativa que se base en un objetivo común claramente definido, un calendario para lograrlo y un conjunto objetivos específicos, con un cambio de estructura política de reforma social a un modelo de análisis de políticas. Así mismo se muestran los distintos aspectos que los interesados en la educación superior universitaria deben considerar, si se quiere ocupar un espacio en el futuro y si interesa que la universidad peruana pueda contribuir para que la sociedad se forje caminos posibles a través de una buena docencia que se refleje en su investigación, con alumnos internacionales, sobre todo, en los postgrados; con un investigación que se traduzca en publicaciones, patentes, etc., de impacto mundial, con relevancia en la sociedad porque contribuye a su desarrollo, concretándose en trabajos de muy diversos tipos, promovidos junto con empresas, gobiernos en sus diversos niveles, instituciones públicas o privadas, etc., para que aporten financiación a la universidad. ABSTRACT A new system of governance to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century university education in Peru based on the model of policy analysis, comes to observe the effect of market competition, distribution of scarce resources according to productivity and performance, and inefficient management of universities as these parameters are changing the criteria of trust and legitimacy of the university system in Peru. Universities are perceived more as public sector institutions, while the services provided should rather contribute to the modernization of society and the emerging knowledge economy. The-university reforms initiated in the 80s - have been inspired by successful university organizations that have succeeded in changing its governance and as attempting to transform certain bureaucratic institutions into organizations that act as actors in this global competition for resources and top talent. In this context, the Peruvian university faces two major challenges: to adapt to the new global outlook, and to better respond to the demands, needs and expectations of society. A change in the system of governance for university education give a comprehensive solution to address these challenges by allowing the problems of the university development and integration into global flows. The methodology proposed in this research is qualitative part of the analysis of reality as a whole, without reducing them to their constituent parts, with the interpretation of the facts, seeking to understand the variables involved. a policy for university education in Peru that permeabilizes society is proposed changing the planning model of a model of social reform a model of policy analysis, where the Peruvian State to act as the sole responsible for responding to the applicant as its legal representative, and with external and independent body that provides the basis of practice, as is being done in many university models in the world. This research presents an initial conceptual phase, which deals with the historical development of universities in Peru, analyzing and clarifying the driving forces over time and distinguish the main lines that give direction and meaning to changes in university educational reality. Also, at this stage an analysis of the current situation of universities in Peru is done to be able to determine what the situation is and whether it is prepared to meet the challenges of the global higher education, for this university models are analyzed most prestigious in the world. The above theoretical framework allows to lay in a second phase of research, the scientific basis of the model proposed: the planning model of policy analysis for the Peruvian university system. This proposed model of public sphere for the Peruvian college bases its strategy on a planning model with a common goal: "To improve the quality of the Peruvian university education in order to enhance the employability and mobility of citizens and the international competitiveness of higher education in Peru ", and lines of action materialized in four specific objectives: 1) competences (generic and specific subject areas); 2) approaches to teaching, learning and assessment; 3) credits; 4) quality of the program. As well as the methodological foundations of policy analysis model, used as political structure, taking into account the basic characteristics of the model: a) Planning from above; b) focuses on decision making; c) Separation between expertise and decision; d) The study of the results process guides the decision maker. Finally, a validation phase of the proposed Peruvian university higher education, with the progress already made in Peru on issues of higher education model is analyzed, as is the current context of the new University Law No. 30220 promulgated on July 8 2014, the creation of SUNEDU and reorganization of SINEACE, which are intended to serve the university crisis centered on three main areas included in the law, considered as the basis for reform. First, the State assumes the stewardship of education policies at all educational levels. The second aspect is to install a mechanism for regulating the quality along with the restructuring of those existing ones should lay the foundation for families and students to guarantee that public service is offered, regardless of their individual characteristics, are of common minimum quality and a third aspect is that the law reaffirms that the university is building a space of research-based knowledge and comprehensive training. The aims, structure and organization, forms of graduation, faculty characteristics, the requirement for the general studies, etc., indicate that the academic reflection is the coordinating center of university life. This validation has also been confronted with the results of qualitative interviews with expert judgment that has been made to directors of public and private universities as well as leading members of the former ANR members of organizations like CONCYTEC, IEP, CNE, CONEAU, ICACIT and researchers in higher education, in order to analyze the sustainability of the proposed model in time. The results show, that the Peruvian university system can implement a change to a model of university education, an educational policy based on clearly defined common goal, a timetable for achieving specific objectives set and, with a change social policy structure to a model of reform policy analysis. It also shows the various aspects that those interested in university education should consider, if you want to occupy a space in the future and if interested in the Peruvian university can contribute to society possible paths is forged through research good teaching, international students, especially in graduate programs; with research that results in publications, patents, etc., global impact, relevance to society because it contributes to their development taking shape in very different types of jobs, promoted with businesses, governments at various levels, public institutions or private, etc., to provide funding to the university.

A gaze to rural education according to scientific discourses during the last decade

He largest proportion of illiteracy and lack of access to education in the world is concentrated in rural areas; therefore it is important to ensure there is access to quality education in these spots. This challenge is assumed by different branches of social research and it is reflected within the publication of articles in scientific journals. In the present document the scientific discourse surrounding the theme of rural education during the last decade was analyzed. To do this, the paper focuses on three aspects: the countries that set the agenda, the geographical areas that represent most of the attention and the prevalent themes within continents. It was observed that USA was the most productive country in terms of scientific writings with 30%; that Asia is really interested in health issues associated to rural education; that in Europe gender issues are on the table and that the African and Asian continents, as well as Latin America, are interested only on their own issues, as 100% of the times they only wrote about themselves.