Pasarela peatonal sobre el río Manzanares. Plan Parcial Madrid Río Fase B. Madrid

Se trata de un Proyecto cuyo objetivo es recuperar realmente para los ciudadanos todo ese inmenso espacio que, en pleno centro de Madrid, estaba destinado al uso exclusivo del vehículo y que no sólo lo inhabilitaba para cualquier otro uso, sino que degradaba ambientalmente todo el entorno circundante con contaminación, suciedad y ruidos, y además, constituía una barrera física y funcional para las personas de uno y otro margen del río, impidiendo a los ciudadanos la contemplación y uso del río Manzanares. En este ámbito, el objetivo de nuestro proyecto “Pasarela peatonal sobre el río Manzanares” es la construcción de una pasarela que conecte las dos márgenes del río, desde el paseo de Yeserías hasta la Avenida del Manzanares mediante una vía peatonal y una vía ciclista

Efecto del tratamiento de harina de girasol con ácido mólico y calor sobre la producción de metano y fermetnación in vitro

Incubations were carried out with batch cultures of ruminal micro-organisms to study the effects of the treatment of sunflower meal (SFM) with malic acid at 150 ºC for 1 (SFM1) or 3 (SFM3) hours on in vitro fermentation. There were no differences (P>0.05) between SFM and SFM1 in the amount of gas and volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced and the disappearance of organic matter (OMD), but CH4 and NH3-N concentrations were reduced (P<0.05) by 11.3 and 14.5% with the malic treatment at 150 ºC for 1 hour, respectively. In contrast, SFM3 treatment reduced when compared to SFM gas and VFA production and OMD by 27.4, 32.5 and 49.6 (P<0.05), respectively, indicating decreased fermentability of SFM. The results indicate that combining malic acid and heat treatment (150ºC) for 1 h could be an effective means to reduce both protein degradability and CH4 production, but increasing the length of the treatment to 3 h resulted in reductions of SFM degradability and VFA production.

Efecto de la sustitución de N no proteico por proteína de soja sobre la producción de metano in vitro

Incubations were carried out with batch cultures to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) sources on in vitro fermentation by ruminal micro-organisms of two substrates of variable fermentation rate. The substrates were composed by starch and cellulose in proportions of 75:25 (starch) or 25:75 (cellulose). Three treatments were made by replacing ammonia-N (NH4Cl) with purified soyabean protein (SP) at levels of 0 (NNP), 50% (S50) and 100% (S100) of total N. Compared with NNP, S50 and S100 treatments increased CH4 production by 51.0 and 50.6% for starch and by 7.7 and 29.7% for cellulose substrates, respectively. The increases in volatile fatty acids (VFA) production were 4.4 and 6.3% for starch and 33.1 and 58.9% for cellulose substrates, respectively. These results indicate that the influence of N source on CH4 and VFA production are influenced by the characteristics of the incubated substrate.