RECLAMO: virtual and collaborative honeynets based on trust management and autonomous systems applied to intrusion management

Security intrusions in large systems is a problem due to its lack of scalability with the current IDS-based approaches. This paper describes the RECLAMO project, where an architecture for an Automated Intrusion Response System (AIRS) is being proposed. This system will infer the most appropriate response for a given attack, taking into account the attack type, context information, and the trust and reputation of the reporting IDSs. RECLAMO is proposing a novel approach: diverting the attack to a specific honeynet that has been dynamically built based on the attack information. Among all components forming the RECLAMO's architecture, this paper is mainly focused on defining a trust and reputation management model, essential to recognize if IDSs are exposing an honest behavior in order to accept their alerts as true. Experimental results confirm that our model helps to encourage or discourage the launch of the automatic reaction process.

Los residuos de envases y embalajes en edificaci��n residencial. Patrones de generaci��n y estrategias de mejora de su gesti��n

Uno de los retos a los que se enfrenta la humanidad es la demanda de una sociedad con casi cero residuos: la b��squeda de una econom��a m��s eficiente en el uso de los recursos teniendo en cuenta el cambio clim��tico y un abastecimiento sostenible de materias primas que permitan satisfacer las necesidades de una poblaci��n mundial cada vez mayor, dentro de los l��mites sostenibles de los recursos naturales del planeta. Abordar este desaf��o implica la recuperaci��n y reciclaje de materiales para reducir consumos de materias primas y, para ello, debe promoverse la innovaci��n en la prevenci��n y gesti��n de residuos, como estrategia hacia un desarrollo urbano sostenible. Los envases y embalajes forman parte de la cultura actual, relacion��ndose con el grado de desarrollo de pa��ses y regiones; el sector de la construcci��n no es ajeno a la problem��tica y genera un importante volumen de embalajes en las obras que no se gestionan de forma adecuada. El modelo de gesti��n de Residuos de Construcci��n Demolici��n (RCD) actual es poco eficaz, ya que los vertederos siguen recibiendo grandes cantidades de residuos valorizables. La normativa ha conseguido minimizar las pr��cticas ilegales, pero se comprueba que la gesti��n actual de los RCD en obra deja en manos de las plantas de tratamiento la misi��n de separar los residuos seg��n su naturaleza y los datos aportados por las distintas plantas no permiten afirmar el grado de alcance de dicho objetivo, ni el destino de los mismos. Los envases y embalajes son un tipo de residuos que por su naturaleza suponen una fuente de recursos valorizables y por ello est��n presentes en directivas y leyes, dirigidas fundamentalmente al sector de la alimentaci��n. En el ��mbito de la construcci��n, hasta la fecha, no se hab��an tratado de forma espec��fica, motivo que justifica este trabajo. Esta Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo principal mejorar la gesti��n de residuos de embalajes procedentes de materiales de construcci��n. Para ello se estudia un importante conjunto de obras de edificaci��n residencial colectiva de 1173 viviendas, an��lisis que llevar�� a conocer los patrones de producci��n de los Residuos de Envases y Embalajes en Construcci��n (REEC) e identificar los productos o materiales responsables de su generaci��n. La monitorizaci��n realizada, permitir�� dise��ar estrategias espec��ficas que minimicen la generaci��n de estos residuos y optimicen su valorizaci��n. Se ha podido comprobar que el tratamiento particularizado de los REEC puede mejorar los resultados de la gesti��n del conjunto de RCD, debido a que, al no mezclarse, se elimina un importante agente contaminador de los residuos inertes. Las obras analizadas alcanzan un nivel de segregaci��n in situ muy bajo, y los cap��tulos de cerramientos e instalaciones suman m��s del 50% del global de REEC. Particularizando en cada tipo de material, el cart��n predomina en los trabajos de electricidad, el pl��stico en las particiones y la madera en fachadas. Se eval��a la opci��n del eco-�����redise��o para uno de los embalajes predominantes, y se identifican estrategias para minimizar su impacto. Se comprueba que el ahorro en la gesti��n de RCD en caso de impulsar la segregaci��n in situ no es muy significativo en las obras estudiadas, si bien se demuestra que la viabilidad econ��mica es el factor m��s importante para motivar a las empresas constructoras. Las Administraciones P��blicas deber��an incentivar la gesti��n responsable, estableciendo medidas de control en las plantas de tratamiento e implementando en sus obras medidas de gesti��n de RCD ejemplares para el mercado. Una adecuada planificaci��n de la obra, y formaci��n espec��fica para el personal son medidas que facilitan la segregaci��n in situ y mejoran los resultados. Los promotores, mediante su relaci��n contractual con el resto de agentes, tienen la capacidad de establecer objetivos de reducci��n, planificaci��n y gesti��n sostenible de los REEC. Por ��ltimo, se propone un sistema de gesti��n de REEC, integrable dentro del Sistema de Gesti��n de la empresa constructora, que permite evitar que residuos valorizables tales como los envases y embalajes se env��en a vertedero, guiando al sector hacia un futuro m��s respetuoso, alineado con el desarrollo sostenible. ABSTRACT One of the challenges humanity faces is the demand of an almost zero waste society: the search for a more efficient economy in the use of resources, taking into account climate change and a sustainable supply of raw materials, that meet the needs of an increasing world population within the sustainable limits of the planet's natural resources. Addressing this challenge involves the recovery and recycling of materials to reduce consumption of raw materials, so innovation must therefore be promoted in the prevention and management of waste, as a strategy towards a sustainable urban development. Packaging is part of our current culture and is related to the degree of development of countries and regions; the construction sector is no stranger to this problem and generates a significant amount of packaging waste in the site works, which nowadays is not managed properly. The current Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) management model is ineffective, since landfills continue to receive large amounts of recoverable waste. The legislation has managed to minimize illegal practices, but it has been observed that the current management of CDW in the analysed works leaves the mission of separating waste according to their nature to the plants, and data provided by the latter does not allow for checking the scope of this objective, nor the destiny of the waste. Packaging is a type of waste which, by its nature, represents a source of recoverable resources and is therefore present in directives and laws, focused primarily on the food industry. It has not been specifically treated to date in the construction field, hence the reason that justifies this work. This Thesis aims to improve the management of packaging waste from construction materials. An important set of residential building works with 1173 dwellings is analysed, which leads to knowledge on the production patterns of packaging waste (PW) in the construction industry, and the identification of the products responsible for its generation. The monitorization also allows for the design of specific strategies which minimise the generation of waste and optimize recovery. It has been found that the individualized treatment of PW can improve the results of the management of the whole CDW since, when not mixed, a major pollutant of inert waste is removed. The analysed works reached a very low segregation level and the fa��ades and building services phases account for more than 50% of the overall PW. Focusing on each type of material, cardboard predominates electricity works, plastic on partitions and wood on fa��ades. Eco-�����redesign is evaluated for one of the predominant packages, and strategies are identified to minimise their impact are . There is evidence that the savings in the CDW management in case of promoting segregation on site are not very significant at the studied works, although economic feasibility is the most important factor to motivate the construction companies. Public Administrations should encourage responsible management, establishing control measures in treatment plants and implementing CDW management exemplary measures on their work sites for the market. A proper planning of the works and specific training for the personnel are measures that facilitate in situ segregation and improve outcomes. The developers, through their contractual relationship with the other agents, have the ability to set reduction targets, planning and sustainable management of PW. Finally, a management system for PW is proposed, integrated within the Management System of the construction company, which aims to avoid that recoverable waste such as packaging is sent to landfill, leading the industry towards a more environmentally friendly future, aligned with sustainable development.

Methodology for the design of offshore wind farms

Although still in an early stage, offshore wind development is now characterized by a boom process. This leads to the necessity of applying an integral management model for the design of offshore wind facilities, being the purpose of the model to achieve technical, economical and environmental viability, all within a sustainable development framework. The foregoing led to the research project exposed in this paper, consisting of drawing up an offshore wind farms methodological proposal; this methodology has a global and/or general nature or point of view whilst searching for optimization of the overall process of operations leading to the design of this type of installations and establishing collated theoretical bases for the further development of management tools. This methodological proposal follows a classical engineering thought scheme: it begins with the alternatives study, and ends with the detailed design. With this in mind, the paper includes the following sections: introduction, methodology used for the research project, conditioning factors, methodological proposal for the design of offshore wind farms, checking the methodological proposal, and conclusions

Offshore Wind Farms: Foundations and influence on the Littoral Processes

Offshore wind farms are beginning to form part of coastal and marine landscapes located in dynamic surroundings. An integral management model must therefore be applied to achieve not only technical and economic viability of the project but also respect for the environment. Amongst other aspects, the latter calls for an analysis of the possible impact these facilities may have on littoral processes and this requires the differences between littoral processes prior and subsequent to the facility���s construction to be known. The maritime climate, the composition of the coast, lay-out distribution and characteristics of the facility���s components need to be known, particularly foundations as they are the main obstacles waves and currents meet. This article first addresses different aspects related to an offshore wind farm���s influence on the analysis of how it affects littoral dynamics and, because of their importance in this study, pays special attention to foundations. Coastal erosion due to this type of facility is then examined. The main conclusion of this article is that, whilst there are certain opinions claiming the coast is not affected by the presence of this kind of facility since the distance from location to coast and between wind turbine generators themselves is long, the impact must be analysed in each specific case, at least until experience proves otherwise and criteria are adopted in this respect.

Coal purchase optimization: a review from Spain

The study addresses the need to manage the risk of the purchase price of coal in a power company by changing the management model of the purchasing department. It eliminates the risk of price reduces the cost of buying coal and optimizing the performance of all electricity generation plants belonging to the company. You get more flexibility and optionallity to gain additional benefits both economic and efficiency in the supply to our generation fleet. The tools to achieve the above purpose will be financial derivatives that will be used as elements of management and not as mere speculation in the markets.