A landscape architectural design approach:the restoration of the Angel Tower and the Cloister of the Cathedral of Cuenca.

Este artículo trata de analizar la reciente evolución de los conceptos sobre intervención en el Patrimonio Cultural. Para ello utiliza como modelo el proyecto metodológico aplicado sobre las dos últimas actuaciones efectuadas en la Catedral de Cuenca. La Carta de Atenas, 1931, que estableció las bases de la modernidad sobre las dos trayectorias de espacio y tiempo, concuerdan hoy después de casi un siglo, recuperando su punto de encuentro. El artículo básicamente valora el potencial que los proyectos contemporáneos de intervención en el patrimonio pueden ofrecer cuando estudias su trayectoria en el paisaje. En orden a certificar sus transformaciones desde la actualidad, el singular monumento de la Catedral de Cuenca, utilizado como modelo, nos aporta a través de sus materiales y morfología la memoria secular que nos informa de sus técnicas constructivas y valores sociales. Este modelo abre un diálogo entre teoría y práctica reflejado a través de los trabajos de restauración aplicados. Después de treinta años de experiencia restauradora llevada a cabo por los autores, las dos últimas intervenciones que son minuciosamente expuestas, revelan algunas nuevas estrategias de aplicación en el proyecto de intervención.

A Landscape-based Regionalization of Natural Flow Regimes in the Ebro River Basin and its Biological Validation. River Research and Applications

Regionalización de tipos de régimen natural de caudales en la cuenca del Ebro y validación biológica de los tipos de regímen natural.

Modelling agro-forestry scenarios for ammonia abatement in the landscape

Ammonia emissions from livestock production can have negative impacts on nearby protected sites and ecosystems that are sensitive to eutrophication and acidification. Trees are effective scavengers of both gaseous and particulate pollutants from the atmosphere making tree belts potentially effective landscape features to support strategies aiming to reduce ammonia impacts. This research used the MODDAS-THETIS a coupled turbulence and deposition turbulence model, to examine the relationships between tree canopy structure and ammonia capture for three source types?animal housing, slurry lagoon, and livestock under a tree canopy. By altering the canopy length, leaf area index, leaf area density, and height of the canopy in the model the capture efficiencies varied substantially. A maximum of 27% of the emitted ammonia was captured by tree canopy for the animal housing source, for the slurry lagoon the maximum was 19%, while the livestock under trees attained a maximum of 60% recapture. Using agro-forestry systems of differing tree structures near ?hot spots? of ammonia in the landscape could provide an effective abatement option for the livestock industry that complements existing source reduction measures.

Differential elimination by differential specialization of Sylvester style matrices

Differential resultant formulas are defined, for a system $\cP$ of $n$ ordinary Laurent differential polynomials in $n-1$ differential variables. These are determinants of coefficient matrices of an extended system of polynomials obtained from $\cP$ through derivations and multiplications by Laurent monomials. To start, through derivations, a system $\ps(\cP)$ of $L$ polynomials in $L-1$ algebraic variables is obtained, which is non sparse in the order of derivation. This enables the use of existing formulas for the computation of algebraic resultants, of the multivariate sparse algebraic polynomials in $\ps(\cP)$, to obtain polynomials in the differential elimination ideal generated by $\cP$. The formulas obtained are multiples of the sparse differential resultant defined by Li, Yuan and Gao, and provide order and degree bounds in terms of mixed volumes in the generic case.

Biomarkers and inorganic proxies in the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of mires: The importance of landscape in Las Conchas (Asturias, Northern Spain)

We determined the lipid distributions (n-alkanes, n-alkan-2-ones, n-alkanoic acids), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), Ca/Mg and ash content in Las Conchas mire, a 3.2 m deep bryophyte-dominated mire in Northern Spain covering 8000 cal yr BP. Bog conditions developed in the bottom 20 cm of the profile, and good preservation of organic matter (OM) was inferred from n-alkanoic acid distribution, with the exception of the uppermost 20 cm (last ca. 200 yr). Microbial synthesis of long chain saturated fatty acids from primary OM likely produced a dominance of short chain n-alkanoic acids with a bimodal distribution, as well as the lack of correspondence between the n-alkane and n-alkanoic acid profiles in the upper 20 cm. This was accompanied by an increase in ash content, a decrease in TOC and variation in n-alkane ratios, thereby suggesting significant changes in the mire, namely drainage and transformation to a meadow, in the last ca. 200 yr. The distribution of n-alkan-2-ones indicated an increase in bacterial source from the bottom of the record to 94 cm, whereas their distribution in the upper part could be attributed mainly to plant input and/or the microbial oxidation of n-alkanes. The different n-alkane proxies showed variations, which we interpreted in terms of changes in vegetation (Sphagnum vs. non-Sphagnum dominated phases) during the last 8000 cal yr BP. C23 was the most abundant homolog throughout most of the record, thereby suggesting dominant humid conditions alternating with short drier phases. However, such humid conditions were not linked to paleoclimatic variation but rather to geomorphological characteristics: Las Conchas mire, at the base of the Cuera Range, receives continuous runoff—even during drier periods—which is not necessarily accompanied by additional mineral input to peat, producing the development of Sphagnum moss typical of waterlogged ecotopes and damp habitats. Thus, although geochemical proxies indicated an ombrotrophic regime in the mire, geomorphological characteristics may make a considerable contribution to environmental conditions.