An approach to stakeholders involvement in the preparedness for nuclear and radiological emergency response & recovery in Spain

The elaboration of a generic decision-making strategy to address the evolution of an emergency situation, from the stages of response to recovery, and including a planning stage, can facilitate timely, effective and consistent decision making by the response organisations at every level within the emergency management structure and between countries, helping to ensure optimal protection of health, environment, and society. The degree of involvement of stakeholders in this process is a key strategic element for strengthening the local preparedness and response and can help a successful countermeasures strategy. A significant progress was made with the multi-national European project EURANOS (2004-2009) which brought together best practice, knowledge and technology to enhance the preparedness for Europe's response to any radiation emergency and long term contamination. The subsequent establishment of a European Technology Platform and the recent launch of the research project NERIS-TP ("Towards a self sustaining European Technology Platform (NERIS-TP) on Preparedness for Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Response and Recovery") are aimed to continue with the remaining tasks for gaining appropriate levels of emergency preparedness at local level in most European countries. One of the objectives of the NERIS-TP project is: Strengthen the preparedness at the local/national level by setting up dedicated fora and developing new tools or adapting the tools developed within the EURANOS projects (such as the governance framework for preparedness, the handbooks on countermeasures, the RODOS system, and the MOIRA DSS for long term contamination in catchments) to meet the needs of local communities. CIEMAT and UPM in close interaction with the Nuclear Safety Council will explore, within this project, the use and application in Spain of such technical tools, including other national tools and information and communication strategies to foster cooperation between local, national and international stakeholders. The aim is identify and involve relevant stakeholders in emergency preparedness to improve the development and implementation of appropriate protection strategies as part of the consequence management and the transition to recovery. In this paper, an overview of the "state of the art" on this area in Spain and the methodology and work Plan proposed by the Spanish group within the project NERIS to grow the stakeholder involvement in the preparedness to emergency response and recovery is presented.

MOIRA-PLUS use in decision making on the long-term management of contaminated freshwater bodies and catchments

In the mid-long-term after a nuclear accident, the contamination of drinking water sources, fish and other aquatic foodstuffs, irrigation supplies and people?s exposure during recreational activities may create considerable public concern, even though dose assessment may in certain situations indicate lesser importance than for other sources, as clearly experienced in the aftermath of past accidents. In such circumstances there are a number of available countermeasure options, ranging from specific chemical treatment of lakes to bans on fish ingestion or on the use of water for crop irrigation. The potential actions can be broadly grouped into four main categories, chemical, biological, physical and social. In some cases a combination of actions may be the optimal strategy and a decision support system (DSS) like MOIRA-PLUS can be of great help to optimise a decision. A further option is of course not to take any remedial actions, although this may also have significant socio-economic repercussions which should be adequately evaluated. MOIRA-PLUS is designed to allow for a reliable assessment of the long-term evolution of the radiological situation and of feasible alternative rehabilitation strategies, including an objective evaluation of their social, economic and ecological impacts in a rational and comprehensive manner. MOIRA-PLUS also features a decision analysis methodology, making use of multi-attribute analysis, which can take into account the preferences and needs of different types of stakeholders. The main functions and elements of the system are described summarily. Also the conclusions from end-user?s experiences with the system are discussed, including exercises involving the organizations responsible for emergency management and the affected services, as well as different local and regional stakeholders. MOIRAPLUS has proven to be a mature system, user friendly and relatively easy to set up. It can help to better decisionmaking by enabling a realistic evaluation of the complete impacts of possible recovery strategies. Also, the interaction with stakeholders has allowed identifying improvements of the system that have been recently implemented.

Descontaminación y recuperación de áreas contaminadas

Tras el accidente de Fukushima, se han puesto en marcha una serie de actividades de caracterización y descontaminación de las zonas contaminadas alrededor de la central, destinadas a facilitar su habitabilidad. A partir de la experiencia de Japón, que el ponente conoce de cerca como miembro de la red europea NERIS-TP y tras participar en una reciente misión a Fukushima, en este curso se abordaron las técnicas más actuales que se utilizan para diseñar y proponer estrategias de cara a la recuperación de grades superficies contaminadas.

The framework for post-accident preparedness in Europe. The IRPA guiding principles for stakeholder engagement

To provide public and private actors at local, regional, national and European levels with methodologies to: – Create the conditions for them to gradually appropriate the problematic of long term rehabilitation following a situation of long‐lasting radioactive contamination; – Develop in their context appropriate means and tools for rehabilitation strategies; – Foster innovation and experimentation at territorial and national levels.

Initiatives and facilities for E&T in the nuclear science and technology master at UPM

The present Master/Doctorate in Nuclear Science and Technology programme implemented in the Department of Nuclear Engineering of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (NED-UPM) has the excellence qualification by the Spanish Ministry of Education. One of the main of this programme is the training for the development of methodologies of simulation, design and advanced analysis, including experimental tools, necessary in research and in professional work in the nuclear field.

Análisis de un accidente de rotura de tubos de GV mediante la utilización del SGI de Zorita

En el año 2008 la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y la empresa Gas Natural Fenosa firmaron un acuerdo por el que se creaba el Aula José Cabrera en el Departamento de Ingeniería Nuclear de la UPM. Dicho aula cuenta con el simulador gráfico interactivo de la central nuclear José Cabrera, que es un simulador de alcance total de una central nuclear PWR de un lazo. El objetivo de la ponencia es demostrar la gran aplicación didáctica que tiene dicho aula. El simulador es una herramienta de uso interactivo para trabajo individual o en grupo con los alumnos. Dentro de la asignatura de “Fiabilidad y Análisis del Riesgo” del Máster Ciencia y Tecnología Nuclear de la ETSII-UPM, se propuso la realización de un árbol de eventos para un accidente propuesto por los alumnos. El trabajo que se presenta en esta ponencia ha consistido en el análisis del accidente de rotura de tubos en el generador de vapor usando el simulador gráfico interactivo.

The seminar of nuclear safety in advanced reactors and the seminar of nuclear fusion: two formative initiatives from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and spanish young Generation in Nuclear (Jóvenes Nucleares)

panish Young Generation in Nuclear (Jóvenes Nucleares) is a commission of the Spanish Nuclear Society (SNE), whose main goals are to spread knowledge about nuclear energy among the society. Following this motivation, two Seminars have been carried out with the collaboration of the Technical University of Madrid: The Seminar of Nuclear Safety in Advanced Reactors (SRA) and the Seminar of Nuclear Fusion (SFN). The first one, which has been celebrated every year since 2010, aims to show clearly the advances that have been obtained in the section of safety with the new reactors, from a technical but simple point of view and without needing great previous nuclear engineering knowledge. The second one, which first edition was held in 2011, aims to give a general overview of the past, present and future situation of nuclear fusion technology, and was born as a result of the increasing interest of our Spanish Young Generation members in this technology.

Aporte martensíticos en la soldadura de aceros 9%Cr

Los aceros 9% en cromo son utilizados en plantas de producción de energía eléctrica debido a su elevada resistencia a la corrosión, buenas propiedades mecánicas y resistencia a la termofluencia. Estos aceros presentan una estructura completamente martensítica. Sin embargo, la realización de uniones soldadas los hace susceptibles a la aparición en la zona fundida de ferrita delta, que reduce sus propiedades de termofluencia y tenacidad. Este trabajo analiza la microestructura del metal de aporte producido durante la soldadura manual con electrodo consumible (SMAW) utilizando aportes con diferentes composiciones en cromo y otros elementos de aleación como molibdeno, wolframio, cobre y cobalto. El objetivo ha sido el análisis de consumibles con diferente composición química con los cuales se obtengan zonas fundidas con estructuras martensíticas libres de ferrita delta en la soldadura de aceros 9%Cr.

Nano-imprinted rear-side diffraction gratings for absorption enhancement in solar cells

As wafer-based solar cells become thinner, light-trapping textures for absorption enhancement will gain in importance. In this work, crystalline silicon wafers were textured with wavelength-scale diffraction grating surface textures by nanoimprint lithography using interference lithography as a mastering technology. This technique allows fine-tailored nanostructures to be realized on large areas with high throughput. Solar cell precursors were fabricated, with the surface textures on the rear side, for optical absorption measurements. Large absorption enhancements are observed in the wavelength range in which the silicon wafer absorbs weakly. It is shown experimentally that bi-periodic crossed gratings perform better than uni-periodic linear gratings. Optical simulations have been made of the fabricated structures, allowing the total absorption to be decomposed into useful absorption in the silicon and parasitic absorption in the rear reflector. Using the calculated silicon absorption, promising absorbed photocurrent density enhancements have been calculated for solar cells employing the nano-textures. Finally, first results are presented of a passivation layer deposition technique that planarizes the rear reflector for the purpose of reducing the parasitic absorption.

Energy efficiency: comparison between the CALENER certificate and real consumptions

Modelización de una vivienda sostenible y comparación con los resultados obtenidos con los programas reconocidos en España de certificación.

GeoProcesamiento integrado con ArcObjects para generar afecciones por infraestructuras eléctricas de alta tensión.

El presente trabajo muestra el caso de estudio de las afecciones y la Relaciones de Bienes y Derechos (RBD) afectados por nuevas infraestructuras eléctricas de transporte (obras lineales) en España. El reto consiste en ayudar al cumplimiento de los objetivos de la planificación, definida por el MITYC (revisada para 2020), para construir nuevos circuitos y subestaciones. Se ha desarrollado un Software con ArcObjects que integra/automatiza las distintas etapas del flujo de trabajo asociado: (a) Codificación de parcelas, (b) GeoProcesamiento de afecciones, (c) Generación de Informe de parcelas afectadas y propietarios, (d) Almacenamiento y publicación en internet de las afecciones mediante un servidor bajo estándares IDE (ISO TC211). En el proceso pueden intervenir orígenes de datos diferentes (locales y remotos). El uso del Software Elaborado ha permitido mejorar la productividad, la fiabilidad de los cálculos, los plazos de ejecución, incrementar el nº de afecciones calculadas y, consecuentemente, reducir costes.

Parque eólico offshore en Mataró(Barcelona)

Este proyecto tiene como objeto la descripción de las obras e instalaciones necesarias para llevar a cabo la construcción de un Parque Eólico Marino, y conseguir así las metas propuestas por los planes energéticos comunitarios, nacionales y autonómicos en cuanto a la producción de energía eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables. Además, trata de servir de soporte técnico para la obtención de la autorización administrativa y la aprobación del proyecto de construcción y la puesta en marcha del Parque Eólico Marino en el marco legislativo.

New selective earth faults only current directional method for isolated neutral systems

In order to achieve total selectivity at electrical distribution networks it is of great importance to analyze the defect currents at ungrounded power systems. This information will help to grant selectivity at electrical distribution networks ensuring that only the defect line or feeder is removed from service. In the present work a new selective and directional protection method for ungrounded power systems is evaluated. The new method measures only defect currents to detect earth faults and works with a directional criterion to determine the line under faulty conditions. The main contribution of this new technique is that it can detect earth faults in outgoing lines at any type of substation avoiding the possible mismatch of traditional directional earth fault relays. This detection technique is based on the comparison of the direction of a reference current to the direction of all earth fault capacitive currents at all the feeders connected to the same bus bars. This new method has been validated through computer simulations. The results for the different cases studied are remarkable, proving total validity and usefulness of the new method.

High-efficiency voltage regulator and stabilizer for outdoor lighting installations

This paper presents a high performance system of regulation and stabilization of luminous flux for public street lighting installations. Its purpose is to reduce the luminous flux of the luminaries efficiently by reducing their voltage supply, resulting in the improvement of energy efficiency in the installation. The system is basically composed of electromagnetic components which provide robustness and high-performance to the device, as well as minimum maintenance requirements. However, the voltage regulation is based on the application of voltage steps. Aging studies of the luminaries have been carried out to analyze the impact of this discrete voltage regulation. A specific prototype of this voltage and stabilizer regulator have been in operation in a real outdoor lighting installation for more than one year.

Análisis del funcionamiento de un generador de Silicio Cristalino de 7kW tras 16 años de operación en Madrid

Este artículo presenta la degradación observada en un generador de x-Si 7 kW de potencia tras 16 años de exposición en la terraza del Instituto de Energía Solar de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. La caída de la potencia pico ha sido del 9% durante dicho periodo o, lo que es equivalente, una degradación anual del 0,56%; mientras que la desviación típica se ha mantenido básicamente constante. Los principales defectos visuales observados han sido delaminaciones en la superficie PET/PVF de la cara posterior de los módulos y roturas en las cajas de conexión y en la unión entre marco y vidrio. Todos los módulos analizados han pasado con suficiencia las pruebas de aislamiento eléctrico dispuestas en la norma IEC 61215, tanto en seco como en mojado.