The feeding activity of Colossoma macropomum larvae (tambaqui) in fishponds with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) fertilizer

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do aguapé como fertilizante orgânico no comportamento alimentar de larvas de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) em viveiros de larvicultura. O aguapé foi utilizado para produzir um fertilizante orgânico na proporção de 100 g.m-2. Dois grupos de 5.000 larvas foram transferidos para dois viveiros com e sem fertilizante de macrófita e criados durante um período de 43 dias. O viveiro contendo fertilizante de macrófita apresentou maior abundância de plâncton durante o período de estudo quando comparado ao viveiro controle (P <0,001). A estrutura da comunidade fitoplanctônica não apresentou diferença significativa daquela encontrada no trato digestivo (P > 0,05) e nos viveiros (com e sem fertilizante), evidenciando que as larvas de peixe não apresentaram preferência ou seletividade (P > 0,01) em relação às diferentes algas presentes no viveiro, somente em relação aos organismos zooplanctônicos (P < 0,05). A aplicação de fertilizante aumentou significativamente (P < 0,05) a abundância de fitoplâncton e zooplâncton nos viveiros estudados. O fertilizante de aguapé é fácil de ser obtido e é barato, assim poderá ser utilizado como uma nova alternativa para melhorar a produção dos viveiros de piscicultura.

Comportamento alimentar do camarão de agua doce, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) (Crustacea, Palaemonidae) durante a fase larval: análise qualitativa

Feeding behavior of the larvae's prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man, 1879, in each stage of development was studied face alArtemia Linnaeus, 1758 nauplii, dry and wet diets. Groups of ten larvae in each stage were placed in 500 ml beakers at 29ºC in filtered brackish water. After the fasting period of acclimatization, the three types of food were offered separately to the larvae and the feeding behavior was observed during 30 min. Feeding perception, capture, grasp and ingestion of food were used to determine feeding pattern. Stage I lawac do not eat. The feeding behavior of larvae was similar on the stages II - XI. The perception in distance does not occur in most individuais; the feeding process generally started with the physrcal contact of food with the animal. Food is captured by thoracic appendages (maxillipeds until stage III, and maxillipeds + pereopods in stages IV - XI) and particles are grasped and handled by maxillipeds. Inopposition at the capture, the ingestion is a seletive process. Selective responses decrease in later stages and larvae become omnivorous in greater degree.

The Predation of Artemia Nauplii by the Larvae of the Amazon River Prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), is Affected by Prey Density, Time of Day, and Ontogenetic Development

The present study analyzed the effects of prey density, the time of day, and ontogenetic development on the predation of Artemia nauplii by the larvae of the Amazon river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, as well as possible synergy among these factors. Larvae were raised in 120-L tanks with biological filter systems, and fed on recently hatched Artemia nauplii, using two feeding management protocols: (a) fed once per day at 2000 h (high density HD) and (b) half of the ration provided at 2000 h, complemented at 0800 h the following day by a replacement of the nauplii consumed up to a maximum of the full ration (low density with replacement LDWR). Each treatment consisted of six replicates. The consumption of nauplii was estimated prior to the feeding times. Consumption varied according to time of day, ontogenetic development, and feeding protocol. The larvae ingested more nauplii during the daytime at most developmental stages. Ingestion rates were similar during the day under both treatments, but at night the higher density of prey in the HD treatment caused a higher encounter rate and increased ingestion of nauplii by the larvae. Among the performance indicators only survival was greater in HD in comparison with LDWR; productivity and dry weight were similar. The results indicate a circadian trophic rhythm in M. amazonicum, with the encounter rate being an important mechanism for the capture of prey during the night. A second mechanism probably the visual system aids the perception of prey during the daytime. Based on these results, we suggest that feeding captive Amazon river prawn larvae only once a day would be appropriate and economically beneficial. Further work is necessary to determine the most effective time that this single feed should be applied.