Changes in rates of shore retreat, Lake Michigan, 1967-76 /

Shorelines tend to retreat landward as water levels rise. Less than 20 percent of the shore, lost as Lake Michigan rose between 1967 and 1976, was due to direct inundation; the remaining 80 percent was due to increased erosion in response to the higher lake levels. A simple correlation of lake level change and simultaneous shore retreat ignores the inevitable lag between process and response, but still accounts for 50 percent of the variance in shore retreat. A graphic summary of field data is presented to estimate effects of future lake level changes in similar coastal environments. Qualitative guidance is provided on how and when these estimates should be adjusted to reflect differences in environmental settings. Complete adjustment of the shore will be underestimated by the empirical relationship; but where lake levels change constantly, there will be many such instances of incomplete shore response. (Author).

Coastal construction manual : principles and practices of planning, siting, designing, constructing, and maintaining buildings in coastal areas.

Mode of access: Internet.

Results of the 1975-78 baseline studies and analysis program : subtidal benthic environments of the southern California bight /

Mode of access: Internet.

Coastal construction manual : principles and practices of planning, siting, designing, constructing, and maintaining residential buildings in coastal areas.

"FEMA-55."