59 resultados para BEACHES

em University of Michigan


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"Prepared for Office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army."

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"March 1977."

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"May 1987."

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Includes glossary.

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Example problems and methods of data analysis, together with general observations, are given. Smooth-slope runup results for both breaking and nonbreaking waves are presented in a set of curves similar to but revised from those in the Shore Protection Manual (SPM) (U.S. Army, Corps of Engineerings, Coastal Engineering Research Center, 1977). The curves are for structure slopes fronted by horizontal and 1 on 10 bottom slopes. The range of values of d sub s/H' sub o was extended to d sub s/H' sub o = 8; relative depth (d sub s/H' sub o) is important even for d sub s/H' sub o> 3 for waves which do not break on the structure slope. Rough-slope results are presented in similar curves if sufficient data were available. Otherwise, results are given as values of r, which is the ratio of rough-slope runup to smooth-slope runup. Scale-effect in runup is discussed.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Sequel: From the Volturno to the winter line.

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Beach profile line data collected from 32 profile sites along Long Beach Island, New Jersey. A total of 2,158 profile line surveys were examined, using empirical eigenfunction analysis and other measures of beach variability. Most profile lines have shown an accretionary trend since 1962 with rates between 2.3 and 0.24 meter per year in spite of erosion estimates due to sea level rise on the order of 0.68 meter per year. A great deal of variability in profile line change takes place along the beach, increasing from north to south, due to the location of profile lines relative to structures and offshore linear shoals. Detailed closely spaced profile lines taken over a year in a groin field near the north end of the island indicate littoral transport directions shift from north to south. Evidence of a littoral transport node near the north end of the groin field has been found. Net transport of the node is toward the south, but the rate could not be established due to lack of adequate wave data. Profile line variability within groin cells shows that single profile lines are not sufficient to determine the net change within a cell. The design of future beach monitoring studies should consider coastal structures, offshore bathymetry, the method of analysis, and the scales of processes under study. A coastal storm in November 1968 moved the MSL back as much as 22 meters; however, the beach recovered without artificial measures. The offshore bathymetry shows a series of shoreface-connected linear shoals at several locations along the island. Limited data show that these have remained stable and that most beach variability takes place in water shallower than 3 meters.