34 resultados para Split and Merge
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Transportation Department, Office of University Research, Washington, D.C.
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Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Mass.
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Transportation Department, Office of University Research, Washington, D.C.
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Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics Division, Washington, D.C.
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Federal Highway Administration, Demonstration Projects Division, Washington, D.C.
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Includes proceedings of the annual general meetings of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.
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Twelfth ed. consists of index only.
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Includes the Report of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor and reports of bureaus.
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Description based on: Pt. 1 (1939/44).
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Report year ends Nov. 30.
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Latest issue consulted: 1955.
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After the electoral reform in 1994, Japan saw a gradual evolution from a multi-party system toward a two-party system over the course of five House of Representatives election cycles. In contrast, after Taiwan’s constitutional amendment in 2005, a two-party system emerged in the first post-reform legislative election in 2008. Critically, however, Taiwan’s president is directly elected while Japan’s prime minister is indirectly elected. The contributors conclude that the higher the payoffs of holding the executive office and the greater degree of cross-district coordination required to win it, the stronger the incentives for elites to form and stay in the major parties. In such a context, a country will move rapidly toward a two-party system. In Part II, the contributors apply this theoretical logic to other countries with mixed-member systems to demonstrate its generality. They find the effect of executive competition on legislative electoral rules in countries as disparate as Thailand, the Philippines, New Zealand, Bolivia, and Russia. The findings presented in this book have important implications for political reform. Often, reformers are motivated by high hopes of solving some political problems and enhancing the quality of democracy. But, as this group of scholars demonstrates, electoral reform alone is not a panacea. Whether and to what extent it achieves the advocated goals depends not only on the specification of new electoral rules per se but also on the political context—and especially the constitutional framework—within which such rules are embedded.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Vol. 31- includes Proceedings and papers of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast.