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em RCAAP - Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal


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O presente trabalho de investigação aplicada subordinado ao tema “Aquisição dos bens e serviços ao nível do Exército” visa descrever que medidas podem ser implementadas no sistema aquisitivo do Exército para minimizar os custos e melhorar a racionalização de diversos recursos. O presente trabalho estrutura-se em duas partes. A primeira parte consiste numa exposição teórica, na qual são abordados diversos temas como as “compras”, a descentralização e centralização, a regência da Administração Pública ao nível da contratação pública. Numa segunda parte, é definido o trabalho de campo, no qual são descritas as entrevistas realizadas com intuito de obter informações no que concerne a metodologias, fluxos e procedimentos adotados por parte dos ramos das Forças Armadas e Guarda Nacional Republicana, bem como a análise estatística das aquisições dos bens e serviços de 2015 Este trabalho foi realizado com recurso a uma metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, tendo a sua realização permitido o esclarecimento de hipóteses previamente colocadas. A investigação concluiu que o sistema aquisitivo do Exército possui muitas fragilidades que o impossibilitam de usufruir das vantagens que a centralização acarreta, nomeadamente as economias de escala. Tal deve-se a diversas lacunas existentes, particularmente a falta de planeamento.

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This paper describes the first 4-year period (2012–2015) of implementation of the Portuguese National Programme for the Promotion of Healthy Eating (PNPAS). PNPAS was approved in 2012 and emerged as a preventive programme for noncommunicable diseases, aiming to improve the nutritional status of the population; it represents the first national strategy in Portugal for the promotion of healthy eating. To accomplish its mission, and taking into account its overall principles, PNPAS has five main goals: (i) to increase knowledge about the food intake of the Portuguese population and about its determinants and consequences; (ii) to modify the availability of certain foods (high in sugar, salt and fat), in schools, workplaces and public spaces; (iii) to inform and empower the population for the purchase, preparation and storage of healthy food, especially the most vulnerable groups; (iv) to identify and promote crosssectoral actions that encourage the consumption of foods of good nutritional quality in an articulate and integrated way with other sectors, namely agriculture, sport, environment, education, social security and local authorities; and (v) to improve the qualifications and conduct of the different professionals who, owing to their roles, may influence nutritional knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. The design of PNPAS followed the latest strategic lines suggested by WHO and the European Commission, proposing a crosssectoral mix of interventions to ensure physical and economic access to healthy eating by creating healthy environments and empowering individuals and communities. Several actions were implemented at different levels during the first 4-year period of implementation of PNPAS; two were especially relevant. The first concerned the empowerment of citizens regarding healthy eating, where the most important aspect was introduction of a digital strategy through development of a website and a blog dedicated to healthy eating. The second concerned the development of documents for health care and other professionals, including several guidelines in new areas, such as anthropometric measures and intervention in preobesity. Process and output indicators were defined to monitor and evaluate the programme. Among those considered as output indicators were the evaluation of childhood obesity, salt consumption and intake of breakfast by school-aged children.