A rare benign ovarian tumour

Sclerosing stromal tumour (SST) of the ovary is an extremely rare and benign ovarian neoplasm, accounting for 6% of the sex cord stromal ovarian tumours subtype. Usually, it is found during the second and third decades of life. Patients commonly present with pelvic pain, a palpable pelvic mass or menstrual irregularity. We report a case of a 20-year-old woman reporting of mild pelvic pain, with normal laboratory data. On imaging examinations, a large right adnexal tumour was found, with features suggesting an ovarian sex cord tumour. The patient underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy, diagnosing a SST of the ovary. This paper also reviews the literature, and emphasises the typical pathological and imaging characteristics of these rare benign ovarian lesions, and their impact, in a conservative surgery.

Pitfalls em radiologia ginecológica

Para o diagnóstico radiológico das patologias ginecológicas é essencial conhecer e compreender as indicações dos vários exames disponíveis e, para cada achado radiológico, integrar a idade, o contexto clínico e a história pregressa da doente. A Ressonância Magnética (RM) tem hoje um papel crucial no diagnóstico das doenças ginecológicas. Contudo, para maximizar o potencial desta técnica é imprescindível adequar o protocolo utilizado a cada caso e a cada doente e ter em conta algumas regras imprescindíveis à interpretação dos exames, que descreveremos neste artigo. A RM ginecológica é principalmente útil no estadiamento do carcinoma do colo do útero e do endométrio, podendo por vezes ser também útil na sua detecção, na avaliação da resposta ao tratamento, detecção da recidiva ou complicações e na avaliação de lesões anexiais de natureza indeterminada na ecografia. Nas doenças benignas é frequentemente usada na avaliação pré-terapêutica de leiomiomas uterinos, bem como na adenomiose e na endometriose. Em muitas destas situações há potenciais erros e pitfalls, para os quais o médico radiologista deve estar alerta, de forma a minimizar eventuais falhas diagnósticas ou erros de estadiamento.

Ovarian sertoli-leydig cell tumour with heterologous elements of gastrointestinal type associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level: an unusual case and literature review

Here we describe the case of a 19-year-old woman with a poorly differentiated ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and an elevated serum alphafetoprotein level. The patient presented with diffuse abdominal pain and bloating. Physical examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right ovarian tumor that was histopathologically diagnosed as a poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous elements. Her alpha-fetoprotein serum level was undetectable after tumor resection. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare sex cord-stromal tumors that account for 0.5% of all ovarian neoplasms. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors tend to be unilateral and occur in women under 30 years of age. Although they are the most common virilizing tumor of the ovary, about 60% are endocrineinactive tumors. Elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein are rarely associated with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, with only approximately 30 such cases previously reported in the literature. The differential diagnosis should include common alpha-fetoprotein-producing ovarian entities such as germ cell tumors, as well as other non-germ cell tumors that have been rarely reported to produce this tumor marker.