Artrite reumatóide : implicações na funcionalidade das pessoas

Enquadramento: A Artrite Reumatóide (AR) é uma patologia com profundas implicações na funcionalidade das pessoas, com efeitos significativos não só ao nível do funcionamento físico, mas também a nível emocional, familiar, social e económico. Objetivos: Avaliar a funcionalidade das pessoas com artrite reumatóide e analisar a sua relação com as variáveis sócio demográficas, clínicas, dor e qualidade do sono. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo não experimental, transversal, descritivo-correlacional e de caráter quantitativo, que foi realizado numa amostra não probabilística por conveniência, constituída por 75 pessoas com o diagnóstico de artrite reumatóide, acompanhadas na Unidade de Dor, na Consulta de Reumatologia e na Medicina Física de Reabilitação do CHTV, EPE. Para a mensuração das variáveis utilizou-se um instrumento de colheita de dados que integra uma secção de caracterização sócio demográfica e clínica, o Índice da Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh – PSQI e o Health Assessment Questionnaire – HAQ. Resultados: Constatou-se que 60,0% dos inquiridos apresenta dificuldades/incapacidades leves no desempenho das atividades da vida diária, 32,0% apresenta já dificuldades moderadas e 8,0% incapacidade grave, sendo que o valor médio da funcionalidade global avaliado por meio do HAQ foi de 1,48, o que revela a existência de uma incapacidade moderada na nossa amostra. Das variáveis sócio demográficas, a idade (p=0,003), a situação laboral (p=0,000), a escolaridade (p=0,006) e os rendimentos mensais (p=0,001) têm influência no estado funcional das pessoas com AR. Das variáveis clínicas, a intensidade da dor (p=0,007) e o tempo de diagnóstico da doença (p=0,013) mostraram relacionarem-se com a funcionalidade. Em relação à qualidade do sono, apenas existem diferenças estatísticamente significativas nas subescalas “levantar-se” (p=0,030) e “caminhar” (p=0,034), sendo que a má qualidade de sono configurou-se em 94,7% dos inquiridos. Conclusão: As evidências encontradas neste estudo referem que a idade, a situação laboral, a escolaridade, os rendimentos mensais, o tempo de diagnóstico, a intensidade da dor e a qualidade do sono, associam-se a uma pior funcionalidade nas pessoas com AR. O diagnóstico precoce, a adoção de medidas para a promoção da boa qualidade do sono, a aplicação de medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas para o alívio da dor, e ações de formação direcionadas aos doentes com AR, devem ser estratégias a desenvolver junto desta população, numa tentativa de minimizar o impacto negativo que esta doença acarreta. Palavras-chave: artrite reumatóide, estado funcional, qualidade do sono.

Successful aging at 100 years: the relevance of subjectivity and psychological resources

Very old individuals seem to present an admirable capacity to overcome adversities and adapt to the challenges of advanced age. However, studies focusing successful pattern of centenarians found that they may easily fail to be categorized as successful agers when objective criteria are applied. The present study examines if centenarians can be considered successful agers. Following Rowe and Kahn's successful aging model, the primary goal was to clarify whether centenarians are able to be successful agers according to objective and subjective criteria of no major disease and disability, high cognitive and physical functioning and engagement with life. The second goal was to investigate whether socio-demographic factors, psychological, social, and economic resources are related to objective and subjective successful aging profiles.

Oporto Centenarian Study

This entry presents the first population-based study conducted in Portugal, the Oporto Cente- narian Study (PT100). It starts by providing an overview of the centenarian population in Portu- gal and then describes PT100’s methodological approach (sampling, procedures, and measures) and synthesizes its main findings on three core dimensions considered to be determinants of qual- ity of life in extreme old age (Serra et al. 2011): cognitive and physical functioning, social resources (social relationships and social activi- ties), and personal attitude toward life (valuation of life). An outlook of current satellite projects of the PT100 is presented at the end.

Quality of life and chronic disease in patients receiving primary health care

Problem Statement: Chronic disease entails physical, psychological and social issues with a decrease in the quality of life. The assessment of QoL has been applied as indicator in patients with chronic diseases. Research Questions: What is the quality of life in patients with chronic disease? What are the socio-demographic variables that influence the quality of life in patients? Purpose: To assess the quality of life in patients suffering from chronic disease and identify socio-demographic variables which influence the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic disease. Research Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study using a sample composed of 228 users (134 females) from a Family Health Unit in the municipality of Viseu. Data collection was made by means of a questionnaire, consisting of sociodemographic variables, the SF-12 scale and the existence of chronic disease was assessed through the questions – “Do you currently suffer from any chronic disease?”; “If so, which one(s)?”. Findings: The most common chronic diseases were hypertension (59.9%). Female patients with a chronic disease reported worse physical functioning, role-physical and role-emotional; increased bodily pain and better quality of life regarding general health. Male patients showed worse role-physical, increased bodily pain and vitality. Sociodemographic variables which were associated with quality of life were area of residence, academic qualifications and work situation. Conclusion: Chronic disease affects quality of life negatively. Quality of life in both patients groups was associated with socio-demographic variables. Health-related quality of life is an essential issue and should be considered as a priority in health policies.

Effect of Chemical Pretreatments on the Physical Properties of Kiwi

In this work the effect of pre-treatments on the physical properties of fresh kiwi was studied. For that, a set of tests using chemical pretreatments was used, in which the samples were subjected to aqueous solutions of ascorbic acid and potassium metabisulfite at concentrations of 0.25% and 1% (w/v) for periods of 30 and 60 minutes, in order to understand the implications of the treatments in the color and texture of the kiwi as compared to its original properties. The results showed that the kiwi treated with ascorbic acid changed its color very intensively when compared to the fresh product, and this trend was intensified after storage. Contrarily, when potassium metabisulfite was used, the changes in color were quite negligible right after the treatment and even lower after the storage period of 6 days under refrigeration. After the treatments with both solutions, the kiwi texture was drastically changed, diminishing hardness considerably and increasing elasticity for all treatments. The same could be observed after six days of refrigeration.