Determinantes da incapacidade funcional em doentes com AVC

Introdução- O Acidente Vascular Cerebral continua a ser a primeira causa de morte em Portugal, sendo também responsável pelo elevado índice de incapacidade e dependência funcional da população adulta portuguesa, afetando significativamente os aspetos da vida física, económica e social. Os processos de reabilitação continuados têm-se mostrado bastante eficazes na recuperação da independência funcional destes doentes. Assim sendo o objetivo geral deste estudo consiste em avaliar o nível de independência funcional e os fatores determinantes nesses níveis, em doentes sujeitos a programas de reabilitação continuados e doentes sem reabilitação. Métodos- O presente estudo é de carácter quantitativo, enquadrando-se num desenho de estudo descritivo transversal e analítico, no qual participaram 60 indivíduos que sofreram AVC, pertencendo 36 ao grupo experimental e 24 ao grupo de controle. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de um questionário composto por questões de caracterização sociodemográfica, de caracterização clinica, uma escala de APGAR Familiar e uma Escala de Medida de Independência funcional (MIF). Resultados- A análise por grupos mostra que o grupo experimental é mais independente que o grupo de controle, ou seja, o nível de independência funcional é mais elevado na sua generalidade na amostra de indivíduos sujeitos a processos de reabilitação. As variáveis que influenciaram significativamente a independência funcional foram: o género (no comportamento social no G.cont),o estado civil (solteiros/viúvo mais independentes aos níveis dos cuidados pessoais, controle dos esfíncteres, mobilidade e locomoção no G. exp), habilitações académicas (maior escolaridade maior independência no G. exp) fatores de risco (doentes sem fatores de risco no G. cont são mais independentes nos cuidados pessoais, controle de esfíncteres e locomoção), indivíduos com AVC isquémico são mais independentes nos cuidados pessoais e locomoção, e os que realizaram trombólise são mais independentes nas diferentes dimensões nos dois grupos. Conclusão- As variáveis sociodemográficas e clinicas exercem influência apenas em algumas dimensões da independência funcional dos utentes após o AVC e a reabilitação desenvolvida de forma continuada, aumenta o grau de independência dos doentes diminuindo o grau de incapacidade. Palavras-chave- Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Incapacidade, Independência Funcional, Reabilitação.

Adherence to therapeuthic regimen and metabolic control of type 1 diabetes

Abstract Objectives: To assess the adherence to therapeutic regimen; to determine the Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HbA1c); to analyse the relationship that exists between the adherence to therapeutic regimen and metabolic control. Design: correlational analytical study, carried out according to a cross-sectional perspective. Participants: A non-probabilistic sample of 266 people with type 1 diabetes aged between 18 and 78 years old (mean M = 51.02 ± SD = 18.710), attending follow-up diabetes consultations. Mostly male individuals (51.88%), with low schooling level (50.75% had only inished elementar school). Measuring Instruments: We used the following data collection tools: a questionnaire on clinical and socio-demographic data, blood analysis of venous blood to determine the glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c).Three self-report scales were used: Accession to Diabetes Treatment (Matos, 1999), Self-perception Scale (Vaz Serra, 1986) and Social Support Scale (Matos & Rodrigues, 2000). Results: In a sample in which the mean disease duration is 12.75 years, 69.17% of the sample run glycemic control tests between once a day and four times a year and 42.86% of them undergo insulin treatment. In the last 3 weeks, 26.32% of these people have experienced an average of 4.22 to 44.36%, hypoglycemic crises and experienced an average of 6.18 hyperglycemic crises. 57% of the individuals have showed a poor metabolic control (mean HbA1c higher than 7.5% (HbA1c mean M ≥ 7.50%). The mean psychosocial proile revealed individuals who show a decent self-esteem (M = 70.81) and acceptable social support (M = 58.89). Conclusions: The results suggest we should develop a kind of investigation that could be used to monitor the strenght of the mediation effect effect of the psychosocial predictive dimension of the adherence, since it has become essential to support a multidisciplinary approach which center lays in the promotion of a co-responsible self-management from the person who suffers from diabetes. This will enable a better quality of life; fewer years of people’s lives lost prematurely and a better health with less economical costs for citizens and healthcare systems.

Quality of life and chronic disease in patients receiving primary health care

Problem Statement: Chronic disease entails physical, psychological and social issues with a decrease in the quality of life. The assessment of QoL has been applied as indicator in patients with chronic diseases. Research Questions: What is the quality of life in patients with chronic disease? What are the socio-demographic variables that influence the quality of life in patients? Purpose: To assess the quality of life in patients suffering from chronic disease and identify socio-demographic variables which influence the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic disease. Research Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study using a sample composed of 228 users (134 females) from a Family Health Unit in the municipality of Viseu. Data collection was made by means of a questionnaire, consisting of sociodemographic variables, the SF-12 scale and the existence of chronic disease was assessed through the questions – “Do you currently suffer from any chronic disease?”; “If so, which one(s)?”. Findings: The most common chronic diseases were hypertension (59.9%). Female patients with a chronic disease reported worse physical functioning, role-physical and role-emotional; increased bodily pain and better quality of life regarding general health. Male patients showed worse role-physical, increased bodily pain and vitality. Sociodemographic variables which were associated with quality of life were area of residence, academic qualifications and work situation. Conclusion: Chronic disease affects quality of life negatively. Quality of life in both patients groups was associated with socio-demographic variables. Health-related quality of life is an essential issue and should be considered as a priority in health policies.

Sleep and academic performance of Portuguese teenagers

Abstract: Sleep has numerous important functions in the body, such as consolidation of memory, concentration and learning. Changes in sleep cycles in adolescents lead to sleep deprivation with consequences to academic performance. Our research question was What are the sleep habits that influence school performance (study environment, study planning, study method, reading skills, motivation to study, overall school performance) in adolescents? We aimed to identify sleep habits predictors of the quality of school performance in adolescents. Research Methods: Crosssectional analytical study. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with socio-demographic questions, sleep habits and school performance scale. The sample consisted of 380 students between 7th and 9th grade, with an average age of 13.56 ± 1.23 years in the school year 2011/2012, from a 2nd and 3rd Cycle Basic School of the municipality of Viseu, Portugal. Findings: School performance in adolescents was associated with better subjective quality of sleep (p=0.000), with longer sleep duration (p=0.000), with watching tv/video before sleep (p=0.000), with the habit of studying before bedtime (p=0.012), with no computer use (p=0.013) and with reading habits before bed (p=0.000). School performance was also associated with adolescents who reported not feeling sleepy during class. The teenagers who sleep more and better, and who watch tv/video, study, do not use computers, and who read before going to bed, have a better school performance.