Safe operation of transmission system considering EV at distribution level

In this paper, the IEEE 14 bus test system is used in order to perform adequacy assessment of a transmission system when large scale integration of electric vehicles is considered at distribution levels. In this framework, the symmetric/constr ained fuzzy power flow (SFPF/CFPF) was proposed. The SFPF/CFPF models are suitable to quantify the adequacy of transmission network to satisfy “reasonable demands for the transmission of electricity” as defined, for instance, in the European Directive 2009/72/EC. In this framework, electric vehicles of different types will be treated as fuzzy loads configuring part of the “reasonable demands”. With this study, it is also intended to show how to evaluate the amount of EVs that can be safely accommodated to the grid meeting a certain adequacy level.

Constrained fuzzy power flow models with correlation between nodal injections

This paper extends the symmetric/constrained fuzzy powerflow models by including the potential correlations between nodal injections. Therefore, the extension of the model allows the specification of fuzzy generation and load values and of potential correlations between nodal injections. The enhanced version of the symmetric/constrained fuzzy powerflow model is applied to the 30-bus IEEE test system. The results prove the importance of the inclusion of data correlations in the analysis of transmission system adequacy.