ECONewFARMERS: Construir pontes entre agricultura familiar e biológica através da formação vocacional

O projecto ECONewFARMERS, em parceria com países da União Europeia (Hungria, Espanha, Itália, Turquia, Reino Unido e Eslováquia) tem como foco principal melhorar a qualidade e desempenho dos sistemas de ensino e formação profissional de modo a reforçar a dimensão europeia em agricultura biológica. O conhecimento e a formação técnica são essenciais para a adoção da agricultura biológica, pelo que o projecto “ECONewFARMERS – Construir o futuro com novos agricultores em modo de produção biológica através de formação vocacional” pretende contribuir para a capacitação técnica de agricultores que queiram converter-se ou iniciar uma exploração em agricultura biológica e disponibilizar ferramentas m-learning (aprendizagem em contextos de mobilidade) que permitam melhorar a sua capacidade de intervenção e de inovação. Deste modo, pretendeu-se com este trabalho caraterizar as práticas agrícolas utilizadas por agricultores familiares no concelho de Viseu e avaliar a proximidade destes itinerários técnicos com a agricultura biológica de modo a identificar as necessidades de formação destes (ou de novos) agricultores. A identificação das práticas agrícolas foi efetuada com base numa checklist que foi aplicada a 30 agricultores cujas explorações têm dimensão igual ou inferior a 2 hectares, com mão-de-obra constituída pelo agregado familiar e cujos rendimentos sejam maioritariamente provenientes da exploração.

Peer interaction in mixed age groups: a study in the computer area of an early childhood education center in Portugal

The study was developed as a teacher-research project during initial teacher education – Masters Degree of Early Childhood and Primary Education, in Portugal. It analysed the interactions between children of 3 to 6 years old, during the use of the computer as a free choice activity, confronting situations between peers of the same age and situations between peers of different ages. The focus of the analysis was the collaborative interactions. This was a qualitative study. Children could choose the computer, amongst other interest areas, and work for around an hour in pairs. In the computer, children used mainly educational games. During four weeks, the interactions between the pairs were audio recorded. Field notes and informal interviews to the children were also used to collect data. Eleven children were involved in the study with ages ranging from 3 to 6 years old. Baseline data on children’s basic computer proficiency was collected using the Individualized Computer Proficiency Checklist (ICPC) by Hyun. The recorded interactions were analysed using the types of talk offered by Scrimshaw and Perkins and Wegerif and Scrimshaw: cumulative talk, exploratory talk, disputational talk, and tutorial talk. This framework was already used in a study in an early childhood education context in Portugal by Amante. The results reveal differences in computer use and characterize the observed interactions. Seven different pairs of children's interactions were analysed. More than a third of the interactions were cumulative talk, followed by exploratory talk, tutorial talk and disputational talk. Comparing same and mixed age pairs, we observed that cumulative talk is the more present interaction, but in same age pairs this is followed by exploratory talk whereas in the mixed age pairs it is tutorial talk that has the second largest percentage. The pairs formed by the children were very asymmetrical in terms of age and computer proficiency. This lead to the more tutorial interactions, where one children showed the other or directed him/her on how to play. The results show that collaboration is present during the use of a computer area in early childhood education. The free choice of the children means the adults can only suggest pairing suited to specific interactions between the children. Another way to support children in more exploratory talk interactions could be by discussing the way the older children can help the younger ones beyond directing or correcting their work.