Estimate of the (R)USLE rainfall erosivity factor from monthly precipitation data in mainland Spain


Autoria(s): Hernando, David; Technical University of Madrid; Romana, Manuel G.; Technical University of Madrid
Data(s)

07/06/2016

Resumo

The need for continuous recording rain gauges makes it difficult to determine the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) of the (R)USLE model in areas without good temporal data coverage. In mainland Spain, the Nature Conservation Institute (ICONA) determined the R-factor at few selected pluviographs, so simple estimates of the R-factor are definitely of great interest. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify a readily available estimate of the R-factor for mainland Spain; (2) to discuss the applicability of a single (global) estimate based on analysis of regional results; (3) to evaluate the effect of record length on estimate precision and accuracy; and (4) to validate an available regression model developed by ICONA. Four estimators based on monthly precipitation were computed at 74 rainfall stations throughout mainland Spain. The regression analysis conducted at a global level clearly showed that modified Fournier index (MFI) ranked first among all assessed indexes. Applicability of this preliminary global model across mainland Spain was evaluated by analyzing regression results obtained at a regional level. It was found that three contiguous regions of eastern Spain (Catalonia, Valencian Community and Murcia) could have a different rainfall erosivity pattern, so a new regression analysis was conducted by dividing mainland Spain into two areas: Eastern Spain and plateau-lowland area. A comparative analysis concluded that the bi-areal regression model based on MFI for a 10-year record length provided a simple, precise and accurate estimate of the R-factor in mainland Spain. Finally, validation of the regression model proposed by ICONA showed that R-ICONA index overpredicted the R-factor by approximately 19%.

La necesidad de disponer de un registro continuo de la precipitación dificulta el cálculo del índice de erosión pluvial (factor R) del modelo (R)USLE en zonas sin un buen registro temporal. En la España peninsular, el Instituto para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (ICONA) determinó el factor R en un reducido número de pluviógrafos, por lo que es de gran interés disponer de una herramienta que permita estimar el factor R de manera sencilla. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: (1) identificar un estimador del factor R en la España peninsular; (2) discutir la aplicabilidad de un único modelo de estimación global a partir de los resultados obtenidos a nivel regional; (3) analizar el efecto de la longitud del intervalo de cálculo en la precisión y exactitud de las estimaciones; y (4) evaluar el modelo de regresión disponible propuesto por ICONA. Para ello se calcularon cuatro estimadores basados en la precipitación mensual en 74 estaciones pluviométricas repartidas por la geografía peninsular. El análisis de regresión llevado a cabo demostró que el índice de Fournier modificado (MFI) es el mejor estimador. La aplicabilidad del modelo global generado inicialmente se evaluó mediante la comparación con resultados obtenidos a nivel regional. Se observó que tres comunidades autónomas del este peninsular (Cataluña, Comunidad Valenciana y Región de Murcia) presentaban un régimen de precipitaciones diferente al resto de la Península, por lo que se efectuó un nuevo análisis de regresión dividiendo el territorio en dos zonas: zona Este y resto de la península. A partir del estudio comparativo de los resultados, se concluyó que el modelo bizonal basado en el índice de Fournier modificado para un intervalo de 10 años permite obtener, de manera sencilla, una estimación lo suficientemente precisa y exacta del factor R en la España peninsular. Finalmente, se determinó que el modelo disponible propuesto por ICONA tiende a sobreestimar el factor R en aproximadamente un 19%.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/JIGE/article/view/49120

10.5209/rev_JIGE.2016.v42.n1.49120

Publicador

Ediciones Complutense

Relação

http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/JIGE/article/view/49120/48547

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Fonte

Journal of Iberian Geology; Vol 42, No 1 (2016); 113-124

Journal of Iberian Geology; Vol 42, No 1 (2016); 113-124

Palavras-Chave #Sciences > Soil #rainfall erosivity; R-factor; Universal Soil Loss Equation; modified Fournier index; soil erosion. #erosión pluvial; factor R; Ecuación Universal de Pérdida de Suelo; índice de Fournier modificado; erosión del suelo; España
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