Successful functionalization of superporous zeolite templated carbon using aminobenzene acids and electrochemical methods

A novel and selective electrochemical functionalization of a highly reactive superporous zeolite templated carbon (ZTC) with two different aminobenzene acids (2-aminobenzoic and 4-aminobenzoic acid) was achieved. The functionalization was done through potentiodynamic treatment in acid media under oxidative conditions, which were optimized to preserve the unique ZTC structure. Interestingly, it was possible to avoid the electrochemical oxidation of the highly reactive ZTC structure by controlling the potential limit of the potentiodynamic experiment in presence of aminobenzene acids. The electrochemical characterization demonstrated the formation of polymer chains along with covalently bonded functionalities to the ZTC surface. The functionalized ZTCs showed several redox processes, producing a capacitance increase in both basic and acid media. The rate performance showed that the capacitance increase is retained at scan rates as high as 100 mV s−1, indicating that there is a fast charge transfer between the polymer chains formed inside the ZTC porosity or the new surface functionalities and the ZTC itself. The success of the proposed approach was also confirmed by using other characterization techniques, which confirmed the presence of different nitrogen groups in the ZTC surface. This promising method could be used to achieve highly selective functionalization of highly porous carbon materials.

The authors would like to thank MINECO and FEDER (CTQ2012/31762, MAT2013-42007-P and PRI-PIBJP-2011-0766), Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2013/038 and PROMETEOII/2014/010) for the financial support. RRR thanks MINECO for a ‘Juan de la Cierva’ contract (JCI-2012-12664). CGG gratefully acknowledges Generalitat Valenciana for the financial support through a Santiago Grisolía Grant (GRISOLIA/2013/005). This work is also supported by the Nano-Macro Materials, Devices and System Research Alliance and by Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices.