PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-associated elements in the air in Bamako, Mali (2012-2013)


Autoria(s): Garrison, Virginia H; Majewski, Michael S; Konde, Lassana; Wolf, Ruth E; Otto, RD; Tsuneoka, Y
Cobertura

LATITUDE: 12.628330 * LONGITUDE: -8.020000 * DATE/TIME START: 2012-09-13T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2013-07-09T00:00:00

Data(s)

21/07/2014

Resumo

Saharan dust incursions and particulates emitted from human activities degrade air quality throughout West Africa, especially in the rapidly expanding urban centers in the region. Particulate matter (PM) that can be inhaled is strongly associated with increased incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and cancer. Air samples collected in the capital of a Saharan-Sahelian country (Bamako, Mali) between September 2012 - July 2013 were found to contain inhalable PM concentrations that exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) PM2.5 and PM10 24-h limits 58 - 98% of days and European Union (EU) PM10 24-h limit 98% of days. Mean concentrations were 1.2-to-4.5 fold greater than existing limits. Inhalable PM was enriched in transition metals, known to produce reactive oxygen species and initiate the inflammatory reaction, and other potentially bioactive and biotoxic metals/metalloids. Eroded mineral dust composed the bulk of inhalable PM, whereas most enriched metals/metalloids were likely emitted from oil combustion, biomass burning, refuse incineration, vehicle traffic, and mining activities. Human exposure to inhalable PM and associated metals/metalloids over 24-h was estimated. The findings indicate that inhalable PM in the Sahara-Sahel region may present a threat to human health, especially in urban areas with greater inhalable PM and transition metal exposure.

Formato

application/zip, 2 datasets

Identificador

https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.834196

doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.834196

Idioma(s)

en

Publicador

PANGAEA

Direitos

CC-BY: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported

Access constraints: unrestricted

Fonte

Supplement to: Garrison, Virginia H; Majewski, Michael S; Konde, Lassana; Wolf, Ruth E; Otto, RD; Tsuneoka, Y (2014): Inhalable desert dust, urban emissions, and potentially biotoxic metals in urban Saharan-Sahelian air. Science of the Total Environment, 500-501, 383-394, doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.106

Palavras-Chave #Ag; Air chemistry observatory; Al; Altitude; ALTITUDE; Aluminium; Arsenic; As; Ba; Bamako; Barium; blank-corrected; Ca; Cadmium; Caesium; Calcium; Cd; Ce; Cerium; Chromium; Copper; Cr; Cs; Cu; Date/Time; DATE/TIME; Fe; Flow meter, minutes sampled; Gravimetric analysis; ICP-MS after acid digestion (modified Briggs and Meier, 2002, US Geol Surv); Iron; K; La; Lanthanum; Lead; Magnesium; Mali; Manganese; Mg; Mn; Mo; Molybdenum; Na; Ni; Nickel; Particulate matter, < 10 µm; Particulate matter, < 2.5 µm; Pb; PM10; PM2.5; Potassium; Silver; Sodium; SPUSO; Sr; Strontium; Th; Thorium; Ti; Titanium; Total suspended particulates; TSP; U; Uranium; V; Vanadium; Vol; Volume; Y; Yttrium; Zinc; Zn
Tipo

Dataset