Perfil de sensibilidade de bactérias patogênicas isoladas de cães frente a antimicrobianos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

A passagem de bactérias resistentes dos animais ao homem é possível. As amostras foram coletadas de cães, machos e fêmeas, de diferentes raças e idade, com infecções bacterianas variadas. Foram realizados cultura e antibiograma das bactérias isoladas (n=100), sendo avaliadas como sensíveis ou resistentes. Grupo das bactérias Gram-negativas: tetraciclina 83,02%, azitromicina 81,48%, doxiciclina 77,78%, ampicilina 62,96%, ceftiofur e florfenicol 50%, cefalexina 46,3%, enrofloxacino 44,44%, norfloxacino 18,52%, gentamicina 20,37%, levofloxacino 27,78%, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico 31,48%, ciprofloxacino 31,48%, amicacina e ceftriaxona 33,33%, cloranfenicol e sulfa + trimetoprin 35,19%. Grupo dos Streptococcus: tetraciclina 80%, eritromicina 72%, enrofloxacino e levofloxacino 52%, ampicilina, azitromicina, ciprofloxacino, norfloxacino, penicilina G e sulfa + trimetoprin 48%, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico 4%, cefalexina 12%, florfenicol 24%, ceftiofur, ceftriaxona e oxacilina 28%, cloranfenicol 32%. Grupo dos Staphylococcus spp: ampicilina 57,14%, sulfa + trimetoprin e tetraciclina 52,38%, amicacina, amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, gentamicina, levofloxacino, 4,76%; cefalexina, ceftiofur, ceftriaxona e cloranfenicol, 9,52%; vancomicina 13,33%, norfloxacino 19,05%; ciprofloxacino, enrofloxacino e oxacilina 23,81% e azitromicina 33,33%. Os cães são reservatórios de bactérias multidrogas resistentes que podem transmitir por meio de plasmídios os genes de resistência, explicando a resistência de bactérias isoladas de cães à antimicrobianos de uso humano como a vancomicina.

The transmission of resistant bacteria from animals to humans is possible. Samples were collected from different breeds of dogs in different ages including males and females, with a variety of bacterial infections. The culture and antibiograma of isolated bacteria were analysed (n = 100), being evaluated as sensitive or resistant. Group of Gram-negative bacteria tetracycline 83.02%, azithromycin 81.48%, doxycycline 77.78%, ampicillin 62.96%, ceftiofur and florfenicol 50%, cephalexin 46,3%, enrofloxacin 44.44%, norfloxacin 18.52%, gentamicin 20.37%, levofloxacin 27.78%, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 31.48%, ciprofloxacin 31.48%, amikacin and ceftriaxone 33.33%, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim + sulfa (35.19%). Streptococcus’ group: tetracycline 80%, erythromycin 72%, enrofloxacin and levofloxacin 52%, ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, penicillin G and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 48%, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 4%, cephalexin 12%, florfenicol 24%, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and oxacillin 28%, chloramphenicol 32%. Group of Staphylococcus spp: ampicillin 57.14%, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and tetracycline 52.38%, amikacin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, gentamicin, levofloxacin, 4.76%, cephalexin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol 9.52%, vancomycin 13.33%, norfloxacin 19.05% ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and oxacillin 23.81% and azithromycin 33.33%. Dogs have resistant-multidrug bacteria that might pass through the plasmid resistant genes, explaining the resistance of isolated bacteria from dogs to human use of antimicrobials such as vancomycin.