Network resilience in low-resource mobile wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are deployed in numerous mission critical applications in which the network needs to remain active for as long as possible while delivering quality information to a base station. However, WSNs suffer from a wide range of attacks due to their limited processing and energy capabilities. Their resiliency, however, depends on fast recovery from such attacks being achieved. In recent work, the authors developed and implemented clustering, reprogramming and authentication protocols involved in recovering stationary WSNs with low resources. In this paper, we determine the additional resources required in implementing these protocols in a mobile WSN.<br /> <br />We present recovery protocols on TinyOS motes for a low-resourced, mobile deployment. We describe the issues we encountered in the implementation. We present times, RAM and ROM needed to run the recovery protocols and compare these with the stationary case, demonstrating that the additional cost of reprogramming in a mobile WSN is less than 25% of that in a stationary WSN and the additional cost of re-clustering in a mobile WSN is less than 9% of that in a stationary WSN. Authentication has an insignificant cost increase.<br />