Does application of firefighting foam affect soil invertebrates?

Firefighting foam (Class A foam) is an effective and widespread frrefighting tool often used in environmentally sensitive areas. Although, firefighting foam is known to be ecologically damaging to aquatic invertebrates, application of 1.0% foam to heathland soils showed no detectable impacts on soil invertebrate orders sampled over several months. The results are encouraging for the continued use of Class A foam as a fire suppression technique in areas with high conservation value.