A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Contribuinte(s) |
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO |
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Data(s) |
20/10/2012
20/10/2012
2010
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Resumo |
The air fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to perforin calorimetric measurements of extensive air showers created by Cosmic rays of above 10(18) eV. To correct these measurements for the effects introduced by atmospheric fluctuations, the Observatory contains a group Of monitoring instruments to record atmospheric conditions across the detector site, ail area exceeding 3000 km(2). The atmospheric data are used extensively in the reconstruction of air showers, and are particularly important for the correct determination of shower energies and the depths of shower maxima. This paper contains a summary of the molecular and aerosol conditions measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory since the start of regular operations in 2004, and includes a discussion of the impact of these measurements oil air shower reconstructions. Between 10(18) and 10(20) eV, the systematic Uncertainties due to all atmospheric effects increase from 4% to 8% in measurements of shower energy, and 4 g cm(-2) to 8 g cm(-2) in measurements of the shower maximum. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Argentina Fundacion Antorchas Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, Argentina NDM Holdings Valle Las Lenas, Argentina Australian Research Council (ARC) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Brasil (MCTI) Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AVCR AV0Z10100502, AVCR AV0Z10100522, MSM0021620859, MSMT-CR LA08016, MSMT-CR 1M06002, MSMT-CR LC527, GAAV KJB300100801, GAAV KJB100100904] Centre de Calcul, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) [IN2P3/CNRS] Conseil Régional Ile-de-France, Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS) Département Sciences de l’Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Ministero dell`Istruzione, dell`Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), México Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) (Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie), Netherlands Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, PAP/218/2006] Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia Comunidad de Madrid Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha FEDER funds Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia, Spain Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-07CH11359] National Science Foundation [0450696] The Grainger Foundation USA ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union [MEIF-CT-2005-025057, PIEF-GA-2008-220240] UNESCO |
Identificador |
ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS, v.33, n.2, p.108-129, 2010 0927-6505 http://producao.usp.br/handle/BDPI/30144 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.12.005 |
Idioma(s) |
eng |
Publicador |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
Relação |
Astroparticle Physics |
Direitos |
restrictedAccess Copyright ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
Palavras-Chave | #Cosmic rays #Extensive air showers #Air fluorescence method #Atmosphere #Aerosols #Lidar #Bi-static lidar #COSMIC-RAY SHOWERS #MULTIPLE-SCATTERING #ANGSTROM EXPONENT #SURFACE DETECTOR #CROSS-SECTIONS #LIGHT-EMISSION #DEPENDENCE #NITROGEN #RECONSTRUCTION #ELECTRONS #Astronomy & Astrophysics #Physics, Particles & Fields |
Tipo |
article original article publishedVersion |