Trigger and aperture of the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Contribuinte(s) |
UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO |
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Data(s) |
20/10/2012
20/10/2012
2010
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Resumo |
The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above 3 x 10(18) eV, for all zenith angles between 0 degrees and 60 degrees, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Argentina Fundacion Antorchas Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, Argentina NDM Holdings Valle Las Lenas, Argentina Australian Research Council (ARC) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) Fundacao de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Brasil (MCTI) Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AVOZ10100502, AV0Z101100522, GAAV KJB300100801,MSMT-CR LA08016, KJB100100904, LC527, 1M06002, MSM0021620859] Centre de Calcul [IN2P3/CNRS] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire [PNC-IN2P3/CNRS], France Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Sciences de I`Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF) Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Ministero dell`Istruzione, dell`Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) - México Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, PAP/218/2006] Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Xunta de Galicia, Spain Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK: Department of Energy[DE-AC02-07CH11359] National Science Foundation (NSF)[0450696] Grainger Foundation USA ALFA-EC/HELEN European Union [MEIF-CT-2005-025057, PIEF-GA-2008-220240] United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) |
Identificador |
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, AMSTERDAM, v.613, n.1, p.29-39, JAN, 2010 0168-9002 http://producao.usp.br/handle/BDPI/29897 10.1016/j.nima.2009.11.018 |
Idioma(s) |
eng |
Publicador |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM |
Relação |
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment |
Direitos |
restrictedAccess Copyright ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV |
Palavras-Chave | #Ultra high energy cosmic rays #Auger Observatory #Extensive air showers #Trigger #Exposure #AIR SHOWERS #PARTICLES #Instruments & Instrumentation #Nuclear Science & Technology #Physics, Particles & Fields #Spectroscopy |
Tipo |
article original article publishedVersion |