Towards a uniform approach to code-switching and borrowing

This is one of the first papers in which arguments are given to treat code-switching and borrowing as similar phenomena. It is argued that it is theoretically undesirable to distinguish both phenomena, and empirically very problematic. A probabilistic account of code-switching and a hierarchy of switched constituents (similar to hierarchies of borrowability) are proposed which account for the fact that some constituents are more likely to be borrowed/switched than others. It is argued that the same kinds of constraints apply to both code-switching and borrowing.