Perfil epidemiológico de la prevalencia de hipoacusia en un grupo de empleados que trabaja en el ambiente urbano, 2015


Autoria(s): Rodríguez Carretero, Mauricio
Contribuinte(s)

Cristancho, José Fernando

Data(s)

19/01/2016

31/12/1969

Resumo

El propósito de este estudio es determinar la relación entre la exposición ocupacional y los niveles de audición en trabajadores urbanos en espacio abierto (aseo urbano en general). Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con 491 personas que incluyen hombres y mujeres, cuyo ambiente laboral es el espacio abierto de la ciudad. Los datos se obtuvieron durante los exámenes médicos periódicos realizados en el año 2014 a los empleados de una empresa cuya actividad económica es el aseo urbano, que incluye recolección de basuras, cuidado forestal y de prados de uso común, y limpieza del borde de los andenes. Se realizó estadística descriptiva para las características demográficas y razón de disparidad u Odds Ratio (OR) para buscar la relación de antecedentes y hábitos personales con el riesgo de desarrollar pérdida auditiva. De las 491 personas expuestas a niveles altos de ruido ocupacional, 62% presentó pérdida auditiva, de los cuales la mayoría se desempeña como guadañadores y cortadores de césped, y son personas que llevan trabajando entre 1-5 años en la empresa. Se encontró un aumento estadísticamente significativo entre la baja escolaridad y el riesgo de sufrir hipoacusia (p=0.0001) y un efecto protector del uso de motocicleta y audífonos. La enfermedad vascular periférica, la práctica de tejo y la diabetes mostraron una fuerte tendencia a aumentar el riesgo. La pérdida auditiva encontrada en este grupo no se puede relacionar directamente con la exposición ocupacional a ruido, a pesar de ser trabajos que se llevan a cabo en el espacio urbano. Sin embargo, la baja escolaridad favorece la lesión auditiva y puede verse acelerada por enfermedades de alta prevalencia como diabetes y practicas recreacionales locales.

Universidad del Rosario

Salud ocupacional de los Andes

Objective: To determine the relationship between occupational exposure and hearing thresholds among employees who work in urban cleaning services. Methods: A descriptive transversal design was conducted for the analysis using data reported from the occupational medical periodic examinations where hearing tests were obtained from 491 adults. Urban cleaning services included trash collection, park trees and grassland care, and cleaning of sidewalks as well. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for the demographic characteristics and odds ratio (OR) to learn about the relationship between the personal background and habits with the risk to develop hearing loss. Results: In the group of 491 participants exposed to high levels of noise, 62% had hearing loss especially in scythe and lawn mower workers and who worked between 1-5 years in this company. Workers with lower level of education and hearing loss was more prevalent among those with a higher education level. Motorcycles and earphones showed a protective effect. Peripheral vascular illness, recreational playing of “tejo” (sport and national pastime in Colombia) and diabetes showed a positive trend to increase hearing loss. Conclusions: Hearing loss found in this population could not be directly related with occupational noise exposure albeit jobs conducted in a noisy urban environment. However, a low educational level significantly contributed to generate hearing impairment and could be increased due to high prevalence illness such as diabetes and local recreational exposures.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://repository.urosario.edu.co/handle/10336/11622

Idioma(s)

spa

Publicador

Facultad de Medicina

Direitos

info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess

Fonte

instname:Universidad del Rosario

reponame:Repositorio Institucional EdocUR

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Palavras-Chave #Salud ocupacional #613.62 #Salud laboral #Riesgos laborales #Enfermedades profesionales #Pérdida auditiva #occupational hearing loss #occupational health #noise #acoustic trauma
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion