Mediastinitis post revascularización miocárdica: impacto del cambio de profilaxis antibiótica en la fundación Cardioinfantil 2012 - 2013
Contribuinte(s) |
Castañeda, Aurora Ximena |
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Data(s) |
12/01/2015
31/12/1969
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Resumo |
INTRODUCCIÓN. La mediastinitis posterior a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica es una infección infrecuente, pero potencialmente fatal. En la Fundación Cardioinfantil se ha observado una tendencia al incremento de la misma en los últimos años, obligando a un cambio en las medidas de profilaxis antimicrobiana, pasando de cefalosporinas a vancomicina – gentamicina, sin embargo no se conoce aún el impacto de estas medidas. OBJETIVO: Determinar si el cambio de la profilaxis antibiótica en pacientes sometidos a revascularización miocárdica influye en una disminución de la incidencia de mediastinitis durante los años 2012 – 2013. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, evaluando la incidencia de mediastinitis post revascularización miocárdica, en pacientes expuestos a 2 diferentes tipos de profilaxis antimicrobiana (cefalosporinas vs vancomicina-gentamicina). Se describieron los patrones de susceptibilidad y resistencia de los patógenos encontrados en mediastinitis y la mortalidad de esta patología. RESULTADOS: Los patógenos más frecuentemente aislados en la mediastinitis fueron Staphylococcus aureus y Klebsiella pneumoniae, en la mayoría monomicrobiano. Se encontraron patógenos con perfiles de resistencia como betalactamasas de espectro extendido en Gram negativos y resistencia a la meticilina en cocos Gram positivos. El RR de mediastinitis del grupo expuesto a vancomicina-gentamicina respecto al grupo de cefalosporinas fue de 0,9 con IC 95% 0,28 – 3,28. CONCLUSIÓN: la epidemiologia microbiana de la mediastinitis no difiere de la reportada en otras series. La profilaxis antimicrobiana con vancomicina - gentamicina en pacientes sometidos a revascularización miocárdica, no redujo la incidencia de mediastinitis. Se propone regresar a la terapia de profilaxis con cefalosporinas. Fundación Cardioinfantil -Instituto de Cardiología INTRODUCTION. Post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) mediastinitis is an uncommon but potentially lethal infection. In recent years a rising trend of this infection has been observed at the Fundación Cardioinfantil (FCI), that it is why, a change on antimicrobial prophylaxis protocol, from cephalosporins (standard therapy) to vancomycin-gentamicin (second-line therapy) was made. However, the impact of these measures is not yet known. OBJETIVE: To determine whether the change of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing to CABG influences a decrease on mediastinitis incidence from 2012 to 2013. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by evaluating the rates of mediastinitis after isolated CABG in patients underwent 2 different types of antimicrobial prophylaxis (cephalosporins vs. vancomycin-gentamicin). Patterns of susceptibility and resistance of pathogens most frequently found in mediastinitis, and mortality of this disease were also described. RESULTS: The pathogens most frequently isolated in mediastinitis were Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in a monomicrobial pattern in most of patients. Some pathogens with resistance profiles of clinical importance as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Gram-negative, and methicillin resistance in Gram positive cocci were found. The relative risk (RR) of mediastinitis of the cohort exposed to vancomycin-gentamicin compared to cephalosporin cohort was 0,9 with 95% CI: 0,28 to 3,28. CONCLUSION: Microbial epidemiology of mediastinitis at FCI did not significantly differ from the literature reports. The antimicrobial prophylaxis therapy with vancomycin-gentamicin in patients undergoing to isolated CABG did not reduce the mediastinitis incidence. Return to prophylactic therapy with cephalosporins has been proposed to FCI. |
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spa |
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Facultad de Medicina |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
Fonte |
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Palavras-Chave | #616 #Medicina interna #Mediastinitis #Revascularización miocárdica #profilaxis antibiótica #Mediastinitis, coronary artery bypass graft, antimicrobial prophylaxis |
Tipo |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |