Neuroendocrine deregulation of food intake, adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal system in obesity and metabolic syndrome.


Autoria(s): Garruti G.; Cotecchia S.; Giampetruzzi F.; Giorgino F.; Giorgino R.
Data(s)

2008

Resumo

Obesity is an excess of fat mass. Fat mass is an energy depot but also an endocrine organ. A deregulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) might produce obesity. Stress exaggerates diet-induced obesity. After stress, SNS fibers release neuropeptide Y (NPY) which directly increases visceral fat mass producing a metabolic syndrome (MbS)-like phenotype. Adrenergic receptors are the main regulators of lipolysis. In severe obesity, we demonstrated that the adrenergic receptor subtypes are differentially expressed in different fat depots. Liver and visceral fat share a common sympathetic pathway, which might explain the low-grade inflammation which simultaneously occurs in liver and fat of the obese with MbS. The neuroendocrine melanocortinergic system and gastric ghrelin are also greatly deregulated in obesity. A specific mutation in the type 4 melanocortin receptor induces early obesity onset, hyperphagia and insulin-resistance. Nonetheless, it was recently discovered that a mutation in the prohormone convertase 1/3 simultaneously produces severe gastrointestinal dysfunctions and obesity.

Identificador

http://serval.unil.ch/?id=serval:BIB_DC028FA49ABD

isbn:1841-8724 (Print)

pmid:18568142

isiid:000258970100012

Idioma(s)

en

Fonte

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 193-198

Palavras-Chave #Adipose Tissue/metabolism; Eating/physiology; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome X/metabolism; Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism; Obesity/metabolism; Proprotein Convertase 1/metabolism; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism; Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism; Sympathetic Nervous System/metabolism
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/review

article