Les partícules modals de la llengua alemanya i l’anàlisi del seu ús comparant el llenguatge oral real i el fingit

Resum: El treball està enfocat en les anomenades “partícules modals” de la llengua alemanya. La part teòrica inclou informació extreta de diferents fonts bibliogràfiques i a la part pràctica se n’analitza l’ús a partir d’un exercici elaborat amb fragments del guió de dues pel·lícules (llenguatge oral fingit) i la col·laboració d’estudiants de diferents parts d’Alemanya.

It is a fact that some germanic languages, like German, count „particles‟ among their word type list. This group includes a wide variety of terms with different functions and characteristics. Since particles just acquire meaning with regard to a linguistic and cultural context, it is not always a simple task to distinguish one type from the other and, still harder, to define them separately, particularly if it has to do with modal particles, the most problematic group of all and the focus of this work. Moreover, particles normally appear in colloquial registers, which means that their use is generally spontaneous and cannot always be generalised, and also in texts such as scripts that intend to reproduce spoken language. On the one hand, the aim of this paper is to provide a compilation of information, obtained from different specialists that have been analysing and researching it over the last decades. This should give the reader a clear idea of the general term „particle‟ and also enough knowledge to be able to distinguish the particles which affect the modality of the whole sentence („modal particles‟) from the other types, such as the ones which modifies degree or intensifies an element of the sentence. On the other hand, this work includes an analysis of the meaning of some modal particles and their use in the script of two german films (Die Welle and Die fetten Jahre sind vorbei). The results of this analysis are obtained from a document provided to thirty-seven German native speakers from different parts of Germany.The conclusions do not aim not to be categorical, but to provide a close approach to the subject, specially because the research has proven that „particles‟ require a more exhaustive investigation to be understood.