Psychoses a l'adolescence, les neurosciences ameliorent-elles la prediction? [Adolescent psychosis, can neuroscience improve prediction?]


Autoria(s): Holzer L.; Halfon O.; Jaugey L.
Data(s)

2008

Resumo

Developments in the field of neuroscience have created a high level of interest in the subject of adolescent psychosis, particularly in relation to prediction and prevention. As the medical practice of adolescent psychosis and its treatment is characterised by a heterogeneity which is both symptomatic and evolutive, the somewhat poor prognosis of chronic development justifies the research performed: apparent indicators of schizophrenic disorders on the one hand and specific endophenotypes on the other are becoming increasingly important. The significant progresses made on the human genome show that the genetic predetermination in current psychiatric pathologies is complex and subject to moderating effects and there is therefore significant potential for nature-nurture interactions (between the environment and the genes). The road to be followed in researching the phenotypic expression of a psychosis gene is long and winding and is susceptible to many external influences at various levels with different effects. Neurobiological, neurophysiological, neuropsychological and neuroanatomical studies help to identify endophenotypes, which allow researchers to create identifying "markers" along this winding road. The endophenotypes could make it possible to redefine the nosological categories and enhance understanding of the physiopathology of schizophrenia. In a predictive approach, large-scale retrospective and prospective studies make it possible to identify risk factors, which are compatible with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. However, the predictive value of such markers or risk indicators is not yet sufficiently developed to offer a reliable early-detection method or possible schizophrenia prevention measures. Nonetheless, new developments show promise against the background of a possible future nosographic revolution, based on a paradigm shift. It is perhaps on the basis of homogeneous endophenotypes in particular that we will be able to understand what protects against, or indeed can trigger, psychosis irrespective of the clinical expression or attempts to isolate the common genetic and biological bases according to homogeneous clinical characteristics, which have to date, proved unsuccessful

Identificador

http://serval.unil.ch/?id=serval:BIB_129D5003BD6B

isbn:0013-7006

doi:10.1016/j.encep.2007.07.008

pmid:18597723

isiid:000256280900007

Idioma(s)

fr

Fonte

L'Encéphale, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 153-160

Palavras-Chave #Adolescent ; Brain ; diagnosis ; Genotype ; Humans ; methods ; Neurosciences ; pathology ; Phenotype ; physiopathology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; psychology ; Psychotic Disorders ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia ; Social Environment
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/article

article