Phase behaviour of alternative solvents

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D. degree in Chemistry (Physical Chemistry) at the Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa

This Thesis is mainly focused on phase behaviour in macro and nano domains and thermodynamic properties of mixtures containing ionic liquids and water, fluorinated or organic solvents. A broad list of commercially available ionic liquids or specific and functionalised, synthesised and characterised by the author of the Thesis is included in this study. The used ionic liquids contained the following cations: 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium [Cnmim]+, 1-alkyl-3-methylpyridinium [Cnmpyr]+, 1- alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium [Cnmpyrr]+, 1-alkyl-1-methylpiperidinium [Cnmpip]+, and tetraalkylphosphonium [CxCyCzCwP]+ and some of the anions: chloride Cl-, Br-, hexafluorophosphate [PF6]-, bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}amide [NTf2]-, alkylsulfonate [CmSO3]-, trifluoromethanesulfonate [OTf]-, dicyanamide [dca]- and acetate [Ac]-.(...)