Biosecurity and Emerging Plant Health Problems in Turf Production and Maintenance

<p>Recent research has supported the view that the distributions of many pests and diseases have extended towards higher latitudes over the last 50 years. Probably driven by a combination of climate change and trade, this extension to the ranges of hundreds of plant pathogens may have serious implications not only for agriculture, horticulture and forestry, but also for turf production &maintenance. Here we review our data relating to the current status of three emerging pest and disease problems across North West Europe (rapid blight, <i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Labyrinthula sp.</i> , the root knot nematode, <i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Meloidogyne minor</i> and the pacific stem gall nematode, <i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;">Anguina pacificae</i> ) and discuss the factors which may be involved in their spread and increasing impact on the turf industry. With turf production and maintenance becoming an increasingly international business, we ask if biosecurity and the promotion of plant health in turf production fields and associated sport facilities should be a greater priority for the industry. We also examine if a lack of effective biosecurity measures in the materials supply chain has led to increased plant health problems.</p>