The impact of sperm DNA damage in assisted conception and beyond: recent advances in diagnosis and treatment

Abstract Sperm DNA damage is a useful biomarker for male infertility diagnosis and prediction of assisted reproduction outcomes.<br/>It is associated with reduced fertilization rates, embryo quality and pregnancy rates, and higher rates of spontaneous miscarriage<br/>and childhood diseases. This review provides a synopsis of the most recent studies from each of the authors, all of whom have major<br/>track records in the field of sperm DNA damage in the clinical setting. It explores current laboratory tests and the accumulating body<br/>of knowledge concerning the relationship between sperm DNA damage and clinical outcomes. The paper proceeds to discuss the<br/>strengths, weaknesses and clinical applicability of current sperm DNA tests. Next, the biological significance of DNA damage in<br/>the male germ line is considered. Finally, as sperm DNA damage is often the result of oxidative stress in the male reproductive tract,<br/>the potential contribution of antioxidant therapy in the clinical management of this condition is discussed. DNA damage in human spermatozoa is an important attribute of semen quality. It should be part of the clinical work up and properly controlled trials<br/>addressing the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy should be undertaken as a matter of urgency.