甲壳单糖、寡糖、低聚糖制备方法的优化与比较研究

该文通过大量实验,确定了制备单糖、寡糖及低聚糖的最佳生产工艺,并对几种制备方法做了比较研究.该文采用氧化降解和微波降解等不同技术对甲壳低聚糖的制备工艺进行了研究.H<,2>O<,2>作为氧化剂,在酸性条件下,采用4因素3水平进行正交实验,得到了制备分子量2000以下的寡糖的最佳条件.微波降解制备低聚糖目前尚未见报道,经过该实验证明此方法可降低能耗,减小污染,节省时间和原料,是一个具有产业化前景和市场潜力的好方法.通过以不同的壳聚糖为原料,探讨了在微波场作用下纯溶剂及盐效应对分子量变化的影响,最终产物的分子量均在1×10<'5>～10×10<'5>之间.根据IR光谱,壳聚糖降解前后主要峰的位置都无变化,只是随壳聚糖相对分子质量的降低各峰峰强有所变化,证明了壳聚糖氧化降解及微波降解制备寡糖、低聚糖是以开裂壳聚糖的β-1.4糖苷键来进行.该项研究对更好的开发利用甲壳质资源,促进中国海洋生物制品的发展具有十分重要的意义.

This paper determined the optimum producing technology conditions of chitosan monomer and oligomers through lots of experiments and several preparation methods were compared for merit and shortcoming. D-glucosamine hydrochloride is one of the derivation of chitin monemer, it is an important kind of biochemicals and intermedium of medicine, and it is well -liked in international market .We had verdict -crossing experiment with three factors and six levels . On the basis of ultimate yield .monomer content .optical rotation , chromaticity , crystal and so on , we obtained optimum technology conditions . Meanwhile , we investigated the influence of orders of filtration craft and de-colorization craft on the product quality . Our experimental products are consistent with that of sigma Corp. by IR .This work establish an excellently technological guarantee for the future industrialization. Chitosan oligomers are the degraded product of chitin or chitosan, with means of chemical degradation or enzyme degradation or oxidizing degradation and so on. In recent years with further research, chitosan oligomers have showed distinctively and advantageously physiological activity and functionary character. We studied the preparation of chitosan oligomers using different degraded ways of oxidizing and microwave technology. Under the acid conditions, H202as the oxidation, we had the verdict-experiment with four factors and three levels, obtaining superior preparation technology of chitosan oligomers with molecuJe below 2000. Chitosan oligomers through microwave degradation have not been reported now. We demonstrated that this method is an excellent way which has many advantages such as energy-saving, pollution-relieving, time-saving and resource-saving by our experiments. Using different chitosans, we studied the influence of pure solvent and salt effect on molecular weight under microwave. The final molecule weight ranged 1 * 10~5 - 10 * 10~5. By means of IR, we know that the positions of main peaks of chitosan are unchanged , and each peak strength changed while chilosan molecular weight reduced , which we testified that the way of oxidizing or microwave degradation is through dividing P -1. 4- glucoside band of chitosan.