A topography/chemical composition gradient polystyrene surface: Toward the investigation of the relationship between surface wettability and surface structure and chemical composition

In this paper, we have prepared of a topography/chemical composition gradient polystyrene (PS) surface, i.e., an orthogonal gradient surface, to investigate the relationship between surface wettability and surface structure and chemical composition. The prepared surface shows a one-dimensional gradient in wettability in the x, y, and diagonal directions, including hydrophobic to hydrophilic, superhydrophobic to hydrophobic, superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic gradients, and so forth.