旱塬冬小麦氮磷肥效及其利用率的变异性研究

多年试验研究结果表明,氮(M)磷(P)肥对旱源冬小麦有显著增产效果,但其随小麦品种、年度波动性很大。N、P肥利用率年际间变化很大,且随其用量的增加而降低。1984～1995年(供试品种“长武-131”)N肥利用率变幅为6.4％～58.6％,变异系数为48.7％;P肥利用率变幅为3.7％～19.8％,变异系数为39.5％。1996～1998年(供试品种“长武-134”)肥料用量由45kg/hm~2增至180kg/hm~2,N肥利用率由42.9％降至25.4％(平均36.3％),P肥利用率由10.8％降至3.2％(平均7.2％)。肥料利用率与施肥利润高低并不同步,以肥料利用率作旱塬地区肥料生产效益的度量存在很大局限性,通过分析N与P的连应效应表明,N、P配施是提高其相互利用率的有效途径。

The obvious effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on winter wheat in rainfed highland has been demonstrated by the long-term experiment, but this effect could change with varieties and years. Nitrogen use efficiency or phosphorus use efficiency not only had the clear change in differ-ent years,but decreased with increase of the amount of N or P applied in 1984-1995,nitrogen use efficiency was in 6.4%-58.6%,the coefficient of variability was 48.7%,phosphorus use efficien-cy was in 3.7%-19.8%,the coefficient of v...