E_0值对潜水蒸发计算精度影响分析

目前常用潜水蒸发经验公式中,都包含了埋深为零时的潜水蒸发强度,并认为可用水面蒸发强度代替。但对不同土质,由于土壤含水孔隙大小及与大气直接交换的空间不同,必然造成不同土壤质地埋深为零时的蒸发量差异。选用阿维里扬诺夫公式、清华公式和叶氏公式,利用新疆渭干河灌区地下水均衡试验场实测潜水蒸发数据、就E0分别为水面蒸发强度和埋深为零时潜水蒸发强度两种情况进行计算与对比分析。结果表明:除细砂和砾石外,若用水面蒸发强度代替埋深为零时的潜水蒸发强度,计算结果会产生一定误差,应选用埋深为零时的潜水蒸发强度进行计算。提出了清华公式中参数η新的求解方法,建立了η与地下水埋深的指数函数关系。研究结果对潜水蒸发经验公式求解不同土质潜水蒸发量时E0的选用及清华公式中参数η的计算提供参考。

The phreatic evaporation intensity at groundwater depth of zero meter is contained in the commonly used Empirical Formulae of Phreatic Evaporation,and it s thought that it can be replaced by the evaporation intensity of water surface.However,differences in evaporation quantity calculation will be caused by the different water-bearing pores and the different exchanging space directly with atmosphere for different types of soil.This paper analyzed and compared the two conditions that when E0 was the evaporati