小麦氮磷肥长期配施对土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响

利用长期肥料定位试验,监测旱地农田土壤硝态氮的淋溶动向,研究施肥量与硝态氮累积量之间的关系,为科学施肥提供参考。【方法】在试验小区0～300cm土壤剖面中,每20cm深度取一个土样,1mol·L-1KCl浸提后以AA3连续流动分析仪测定硝态氮含量。【结果】单施氮肥土壤硝态氮累积峰出现在80～100cm土层和300cm以下土层,当施氮量达到180kg·hm-2·a-1时,0～300cm土层硝态氮累积总量相当于8年的施氮量。单施磷肥对土壤硝态氮分布无影响;氮、磷肥配施时,施氮量增加硝态氮累积量显著增加,配施磷肥后可以减少硝态氮累积量,且施氮量越大减少的越多。过量施用氮肥,即使配施磷肥,硝态氮也能发生淋溶并在100～120cm和240～260cm土层附近累积;二次多项式回归能够较好地反映氮、磷施用量与土壤硝态氮累积量之间的关系。【结论】长期过量施用氮肥,导致硝态氮大量淋溶并形成两个累积峰,科学合理地配施磷肥可以减少硝态氮淋失;旱地麦田长期施用最大产量施肥量,可能导致硝态氮大量累积在土壤深层。

To provide a reference for scientific fertilization in the dry-land,present study on the changing trend of NO3--N leaching and the relationship between NO3--N accumulation and fertilizer rates in the farmland ecosystem based on data of the long-term fertilizer experiment.【Method】Soil samples were collected per 20 cm in 0-300 cm soil layer,after being extracted with 1 mol·L-1 KCl,the NO3--N concentration in soil was analyzed with AA3 automated flow injection analyzer.【Result】 When N fertilizer wa...