植物路与土质路产流产沙过程的比较试验

通过室内人工降雨+放水冲刷相结合的方法,对5个坡度(3~18°),5种雨强(1~3mm.min-1),5组放水流量(1.4~9.0kg.m-2.s-1)下的黄棉土土质路面和早熟禾植物路面进行了共60余场次试验,对比分析了植物路相对于土质路侵蚀过程差异及产水、减沙效果。结果表明:在放水冲刷条件下,植物路侵蚀率随放水历时降低,其过程可用对数函数描述;土质路面侵蚀率变化复杂。两类道路的放水流量与侵蚀强度均呈现幂函数变化,且植物道路表现出明显的防蚀作用。雨强增加引起径流量、侵蚀强度增加,土质路的增加快于植物路;坡度增大时,侵蚀强度增大,径流深则为植物路稳定,土质路有小幅增加。植物路相对土质路的减沙幅度为26.24%~47.22%,减少能力可用抛物线方程描述,但植物路较土质路面有利于产生径流,径流深增加幅度平均为58.7%~144.1%,由于径流的泥沙含量大大降低,道路的侵蚀产沙反而有一定降低。

Using artificial rainfall and water washing methods,a total of 60 tests have been conducted on runoff and sediment yield from earth road and plant-covered road in loess hilly region with a combination of 5 gradients,5 rainfall intensities and 10 flow discharges.The results show that under water washing,the erosion rate for plant-covered road decreases with time and it can be expressed by a logarithm function,but the erosion rate for earth road is much more complicated. The relation between the erosion inten...