一批中国古玻璃化学成分的质子激发X射线荧光分析

质子激发X射线荧光(proton induced X-ray emission，PIXE)技术是一种高灵敏度、非破坏性、多元素定量测定的分析方法。采用外束PIXE技术对内蒙古地区和博山出土的一批古代玻璃的化学成分进行了定量测定。结果表明：内蒙古地区出土的玻璃中，西周时期的玻璃珠是含有少量K2O和CaO助熔剂的釉砂，其主要成分为SiO2；汉代的玻璃珠属于PbO—SiO2玻璃；多数元代的玻璃制品和部分北魏时期的玻璃珠属于K2O—CaO—SiO2玻璃。博山出土的元末明初的玻璃基本为KzO-CaO—SiO2系玻璃

abstract = {Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique is a kind of multi-element quantitative analysis method with high sensitivity and without destruction of samples. Chemical composition of the ancient glasses unearthed from Neimenggu area and Boshan was determined quantitatively by the external-beam PIXE technique. The experimental results show that among the glasses unearthed from Neimenggu area the glass bead of the Western Zhou period is actually faience containing mainly SiO₂ and few K₂O and CaO flux. The glass beads of the Han Dynasty belong to the PbO-SiO₂ system. Most of the glasses of the Yuan Dynasty and some beads of the Northern Wei Dynasty belong to K₂O-CaO-SiO₂ system. While all the glasses unearthed from Boshan primarily belong to K₂O-CaO-SiO₂ system, with the Cu and Fe ions as the main coloring elements. Based on the results, some relative questions are discussed.