Design of plane sand-bed channels affected by seepage

The importance of seepage in the design of channels is discussed. Experimental investigations reveal that seepage, either in the downward direction (suction) or in the upward direction (injection), can significantly change the resistance as well as the mobility of the sand-bed particles. A resistance equation relating 'particle Reynolds number' and 'shear Reynolds number' under seepage conditions is developed for plane sediment beds. Finally, a detailed design procedure of the plane sediment beds affected by seepage is presented.