Androgen-targeted therapy-induced epithelial mesenchymal plasticity and neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in prostate cancer : an opportunity for intervention
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23/12/2014
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Resumo |
Androgens regulate biological pathways to promote proliferation, differentiation, and survival of benign and malignant prostate tissue. Androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapies exploit this dependence and are used in advanced prostate cancer to control disease progression. Contemporary treatment regimens involve sequential use of inhibitors of androgen synthesis or AR function. Although targeting the androgen axis has clear therapeutic benefit, its effectiveness is temporary, as prostate tumor cells adapt to survive and grow. The removal of androgens (androgen deprivation) has been shown to activate both epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD) programs. EMT has established roles in promoting biological phenotypes associated with tumor progression (migration/invasion, tumor cell survival, cancer stem cell-like properties, resistance to radiation and chemotherapy) in multiple human cancer types. NEtD in prostate cancer is associated with resistance to therapy, visceral metastasis, and aggressive disease. Thus, activation of these programs via inhibition of the androgen axis provides a mechanism by which tumor cells can adapt to promote disease recurrence and progression. Brachyury, Axl, MEK, and Aurora kinase A are molecular drivers of these programs, and inhibitors are currently in clinical trials to determine therapeutic applications. Understanding tumor cell plasticity will be important in further defining the rational use of androgen-targeted therapies clinically and provides an opportunity for intervention to prolong survival of men with metastatic prostate cancer. |
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application/pdf |
Identificador | |
Publicador |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
Relação |
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/79909/8/__staffhome.qut.edu.au_staffgrouph%24_hollambc_Desktop_fonc-04-00370.pdf DOI:10.3389/fonc.2014.00370 Nouri, Mannan, Ratther, Ellca, Stylianou, Nataly, Nelson, Colleen C., Hollier, Brett G., & Williams, Elizabeth D. (2014) Androgen-targeted therapy-induced epithelial mesenchymal plasticity and neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in prostate cancer : an opportunity for intervention. Frontiers in Oncology, 4, Article 370. |
Direitos |
Copyright 2014 Nouri, Ratther, Stylianou, Nelson, Hollier and Williams This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
Fonte |
School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation |
Palavras-Chave | #111201 Cancer Cell Biology #prostate cancer #neroendocrine #androgen deprivation therapy #epithelial to mesenchymal transition #tumor cell plasticity #Axl #MEK #Aurora Kinase A #Brachyury #Castrate resistance |
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Journal Article |