The global epidemiology and contribution of cannabis use and dependence to the global burden of disease: results from the GBD 2010 study
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2013
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Resumo |
Aim Estimate the prevalence of cannabis dependence and its contribution to the global burden of disease. Methods Systematic reviews of epidemiological data on cannabis dependence (1990-2008) were conducted in line with PRISMA and meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Culling and data extraction followed protocols, with cross-checking and consistency checks. DisMod-MR, the latest version of generic disease modelling system, redesigned as a Bayesian meta-regression tool, imputed prevalence by age, year and sex for 187 countries and 21 regions. The disability weight associated with cannabis dependence was estimated through population surveys and multiplied by prevalence data to calculate the years of life lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). YLDs and DALYs attributed to regular cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia were also estimated. Results There were an estimated 13.1 million cannabis dependent people globally in 2010 (point prevalence0.19% (95% uncertainty: 0.17-0.21%)). Prevalence peaked between 20-24 yrs, was higher in males (0.23% (0.2-0.27%)) than females (0.14% (0.12-0.16%)) and in high income regions. Cannabis dependence accounted for 2 million DALYs globally (0.08%; 0.05-0.12%) in 2010; a 22% increase in crude DALYs since 1990 largely due to population growth. Countries with statistically higher age-standardised DALY rates included the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Western European countries such as the United Kingdom; those with lower DALY rates were from Sub-Saharan Africa-West and Latin America. Regular cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia accounted for an estimated 7,000 DALYs globally. Conclusion Cannabis dependence is a disorder primarily experienced by young adults, especially in higher income countries. It has not been shown to increase mortality as opioid and other forms of illicit drug dependence do. Our estimates suggest that cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia is not a major contributor to population-level disease burden. |
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application/pdf |
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Public Library of Science |
Relação |
http://eprints.qut.edu.au/79823/1/Degenhardt%20Cannabis%20Plos%20ONE.pdf DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0076635 Degenhardt, Louisa, Ferrari, Alize J., Calabria, Bianca, Hall, Wayne D., Norman, Rosana E., McGrath, John, Flaxman, Abraham D., Engell, Rebecca E., Freedman, Greg D., Whiteford, Harvey A., & Vos, Theo (2013) The global epidemiology and contribution of cannabis use and dependence to the global burden of disease: results from the GBD 2010 study. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e76635. http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/ |
Direitos |
Copyright 2014 Degenhardt et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Fonte |
Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; School of Public Health & Social Work |
Palavras-Chave | #110000 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES #111700 PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES #111706 Epidemiology #111714 Mental Health #anzsrc Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Class #age distribution #article #cannabis addiction #disability #disability adjusted life year #general aspects of disease #geographic distribution #global burden of disease #human #prevalence #quality of life #risk assessment #risk factor #schizophrenia #sex difference #socioeconomics #systematic review #Age Factors #Cannabis #Comorbidity #Disabled Persons #Female #Geography #Medical #Humans #Male #Marijuana Abuse #Risk Factors #Sex Factors #World Health |
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Journal Article |