Regulating virtual environments

Online gaming environments feature a number of challenging regulatory issues; a diverse player base, uneven power relationship, and lack of real dispute resolution mechanisms. By conducting an ethnographic study of the online environment Eve Online, and using as a comparative the offshore gaming industry, I consider how we might look to regulate, and resolve disputes within, online gaming environments. In doing so, I adopted a novel approach to the study of online gaming environments - that of norms - which gave significance not only to the terms of service dictated by platform providers and their legal advisors, but also to the social and ludic limitations and affordances players constructed themselves. Finally, through an account of the evolution of regulatory mechanisms and dispute resolution in the offshore gambling industry, I consider how an environment which features much in common with online gaming environments overcame a number of these challenges within the last 10-15 years, and what lessons might be taken from those experiences and applied to contemporary online gaming environments.