Considering Stage Direction as Building Informed Virtual Environments

This article begins with some recent considerations about real-time music, inspired by the latest contribution of French composer Philippe Manoury. Then, through the case study of the scenic performance La Traversée de la nuit, we analyse some perspectives for designing an Informed Virtual Environment dedicated to live show artistic domain.

Impact Study of Nonverbal Facial Cues on Spontaneous Chatting with Virtual Humans

Non-verbal communication (NVC) is considered to represent more than 90 percent of everyday communication. In virtual world, this important aspect of interaction between virtual humans (VH) is strongly neglected. This paper presents a user-test study to demonstrate the impact of automatically generated graphics-based NVC expression on the dialog quality: first, we wanted to compare impassive and emotion facial expression simulation for impact on the chatting. Second, we wanted to see whether people like chatting within a 3D graphical environment. Our model only proposes facial expressions and head movements induced from spontaneous chatting between VHs. Only subtle facial expressions are being used as nonverbal cues - i.e. related to the emotional model. Motion capture animations related to hand gestures, such as cleaning glasses, were randomly used to make the virtual human lively. After briefly introducing the technical architecture of the 3D-chatting system, we focus on two aspects of chatting through VHs. First, what is the influence of facial expressions that are induced from text dialog? For this purpose, we exploited an emotion engine extracting an emotional content from a text and depicting it into a virtual character developed previously [GAS11]. Second, as our goal was not addressing automatic generation of text, we compared the impact of nonverbal cues in conversation with a chatbot or with a human operator with a wizard of oz approach. Among main results, the within group study -involving 40 subjects- suggests that subtle facial expressions impact significantly not only on the quality of experience but also on dialog understanding.

Head Tracking Based Avatar Control for Virtual Environment Teamwork Training

Virtual environments (VE) are gaining in popularity and are increasingly used for teamwork training purposes, e.g., for medical teams. One shortcoming of modern VEs is that nonverbal communication channels, essential for teamwork, are not supported well. We address this issue by using an inexpensive webcam to track the user's head. This tracking information is used to control the head movement of the user's avatar, thereby conveying head gestures and adding a nonverbal communication channel. We conducted a user study investigating the influence of head tracking based avatar control on the perceived realism of the VE and on the performance of a surgical teamwork training scenario. Our results show that head tracking positively influences the perceived realism of the VE and the communication, but has no major influence on the training outcome.

The understanding of avatar design : various types and styles of avatars and the design considerations

People have adopted various formats of media such as graphics, photo and text (nickname) in order to represent themselves when communicate with others online. Avatar is known as a visual form representing a user oneself and one's identity wished. Its form can vary from a two-dimensional model to a three-dimensional model, and can be visualised with various visual forms and styles. In general, two-dimensional images including an animated image are used in online forum communities and live chat software; while three-dimensional models are often used in computer games. Avatar design is often regarded as a graphic designer's visual image creation or a user's output based on one's personal preference, yet it often causes the avatar design having no consideration of its practical visual design and users' interactive communication experience aspects. This paper will review various types and styles of avatar and discuss about avatar design from visual design and online user experience perspectives. It aims to raise a design discourse in avatar design and build up a well-articulated set of design principles for effective avatar design.

Identifying with an avatar : a multidisciplinary perspective

Avatars perform a complex range of inter-related functions. They not only allow us to express a digital identity, they facilitate the expression of physical motility and, through non-verbal expression, help to mediate social interaction in networked environments. When well designed, they can contribute to a sense of “presence” (a sense of being there) and a sense of “co-presence” (a sense of being there with others) in digital space. Because of this complexity, the study of avatars can be enriched by theoretical insights from a range of disciplines. This paper considers avatars from the perspectives of critical theory, visual communication, and art theory (on portraiture) to help elucidate the role of avatars as an expression of identity. It goes on to argue that identification with an avatar is also produced through their expression of motility and discusses the benefits of film theory for explaining this process. Conceding the limits of this approach, the paper draws on philosophies of body image, Human Computer Interaction (HCI) theory on embodied interaction, and fields as diverse as dance to explain the sense of identification, immersion, presence and co-presence that avatars can produce.

Hanging out is hard to do : Methodology in non-avatar environments

Ethnography is now a well-established research methodology for virtual environments, and the vast majority of accounts have one aspect in common, whether textual or graphic environments – that of the embodied avatar. In this article, I first discuss the applicability of such a methodology to non-avatar environments such as Eve Online, considering where the methodology works and the issues that arise in its implementation – particularly for the consideration of sub-communities within the virtual environment. Second, I consider what alternative means exist for getting at the information that is obtained through an ethnographic study of the virtual environment. To that end, I consider the practical and ethical implications of utilizing existing accounts, the importance of the meta-game discourse, including those sources outside of the control of the environment developer, and finally the utility in combining personal observations with accounts of other ethnographers, both within and between environments.

Eu-Avatar: reflexões acerca do eu mediado

O presente trabalho pretende analisar a questão do descentramento do sujeito e da construção da subjetividade na (pós)modernidade a partir do objeto avatar digital e a virtualização para melhor entender de que maneira esse novo objeto se insere e se oferece como uma nova forma de sociabilidade. O mesmo se propõe abordar e desconstruir uma certa noção de indivíduo no que esta contribui para uma concepção de sujeitos como algo dotado de uma essência que enquanto tal negaria ao sujeito a sua dinamicidade e consequentemente a dimensão representacional das relações sociais tal como demonstrada por Goffman. Portanto, o intuito desse trabalho é o de tentar restituir ao objeto avatar digital a sua validade enquanto forma legítima de relação social ao compará-lo as demais formas de relações reais e/ou virtuais.

Rotating Brains / Beating Heart:International collaborative performance with Stelarc, the virtual reality ensemble Avatar Orchestra Metaverse, Pauline Oliveros, Martin Parker and saxophonist Franziska Schroeder.

The work ROTATING BRAINS / BEATING HEART was specifically developed for the opening performance of the 2010 DRHA conference. The conference’s theme ‘Sensual Technologies: Collaborative Practices of Interdisciplinarity explored collaborative relationships between the body and sensual/sensing technologies across various disciplines, looking to new approaches offered by various emerging fields and practices that incorporate new and existing technologies. The conference had a specific focus on SecondLife with roundtable events and discussions, led by performance artist Stelarc, as well as international participation via SecondLife.
The collaboration between Stelarc, the Avatar Orchestra Metaverse (AOM) and myself as the DRHA2010 conference program chair was a unique occurrence for this conference.

Inteligência emocional, stress percecionado e sentimento de presença como preditores da identificação avatar em ambiente virtual

Este estudo procurou encontrar em primeiro qual o efeito da Inteligência emocional e do sentimento de presença sobre a identificação avatar em ambiente virtual, e em segundo se a identificação avatar estava associada a uma mudança de Self. O ambiente virtual foi simulado através de um jogo em 3ª pessoa (SOCOM4), onde os participantes tinham de jogar com um soldado de guerra americano. Os participantes (N = 82) preencheram uma escala de Inteligência emocional previamente à prova e posteriormente medidas de identificação, de stress e de atitudes face aos soldados. Os resultados demonstraram que o fator atenção e clareza (inteligência emocional) estão relacionados com a identificação. Foi encontrado também que a identificação ao avatar estava associada a uma mudança de Self. A identificação foi ainda associada a uma avaliação mais positiva dos soldados e da aceitação do uso dos mesmos. Foram ainda encontrados resultados para um possível modelo de mediação sobre os tipos de identificação com o prazer no jogo, dificuldades cognitivas e valoração de soldados pela variável traços estereotipicamente de soldados.

Messung der Zufriedenheit von Studierenden der Fakultät Wirtschaft und Informatik der Hochschule Hannover mit der Hochschul-Zentralbibliothek

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Zufriedenheit von Studierenden mit der Hochschul-Zentralbibliothek (HZB) der Hochschule Hannover untersucht. Es wird überprüft, inwieweit Alter, Semesteranzahl und Geschlecht der Befragten einen Einfluss auf die Zufriedenheit mit der HZB haben. Des Weiteren besteht ein Aspekt der Untersuchung aus der Einschätzung der Wichtigkeit einzelner Faktoren aus Sicht der Studierenden, welcher bei den praktischen Implikationen zum Tragen kommt. Die Literaturrecherche machte deutlich, dass bereits diverse Umfragen von Bibliotheken zur Zufriedenheit der Nutzer stattgefunden haben. Wenige Umfragen richten sich jedoch direkt an Studierende. Da der Leistungskatalog von Bibliothek zu Bibliothek variiert, muss der Fragebogen an die konkreten Rahmenbendingungen der HZB angepasst werden. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Aussagen über die Zufriedenheit und Wichtigkeit der einzelnen Faktoren aus Studierendensicht getroffen. Mittels eines elektronischen Fragebogens werden die Studierenden der Fakultät IV – Wirtschaft und Informatik, hierunter die Abteilungen Betriebswirtschaft und Wirtschaftsinformatik, der Hochschule Hannover befragt, von denen 116 den Fragebogen beantwortet haben. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Ergebnisse die aufgestellten Hypothesen nicht unterstützen. Es liegen keine signifikanten Ergebnisse vor und es bestehen keine Zusammenhänge zwischen Alter, Geschlecht oder Semesterzahl mit der Zufriedenheit der Studierenden. Die Auswertung der Wichtigkeit verdeutlicht, dass keines der abgefragten Kriterien besonders negativ beurteilt wurde während es gleichzeitig für die Studierenden von großer Wichtigkeit ist.

Automatic classification of scientific records using the German Subject Heading Authority File (SWD)

The following paper deals with an automatic text classification method which does not require training documents. For this method the German Subject Heading Authority File (SWD), provided by the linked data service of the German National Library is used. Recently the SWD was enriched with notations of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). In consequence it became possible to utilize the subject headings as textual representations for the notations of the DDC. Basically, we we derive the classification of a text from the classification of the words in the text given by the thesaurus. The method was tested by classifying 3826 OAI-Records from 7 different repositories. Mean reciprocal rank and recall were chosen as evaluation measure. Direct comparison to a machine learning method has shown that this method is definitely competitive. Thus we can conclude that the enriched version of the SWD provides high quality information with a broad coverage for classification of German scientific articles.

Players and Avatars: The Connections between Player Personality, Avatar Personality, and Behavior in Video Games

The increasing variety and complexity of video games allows players to choose how to behave and represent themselves within these virtual environments. The focus of this dissertation was to examine the connections between the personality traits (specifically, HEXACO traits and psychopathic traits) of video game players and player-created and controlled game-characters (i.e., avatars), and the link between traits and behavior in video games. In Study 1 (n = 198), the connections between player personality traits and behavior in a Massively Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Game (World of Warcraft) were examined. Six behavior components were found (i.e., Player-versus-Player, Social Player-versus-Environment, Working, Helping, Immersion, and Core Content), and each was related to relevant personality traits. For example, Player-versus-Player behaviors were negatively related to Honesty-Humility and positively related to psychopathic traits, and Immersion behaviors (i.e., exploring, role-playing) were positively related to Openness to Experience. In Study 2 (n = 219), the connections between player personality traits and in-game behavior in video games were examined in university students. Four behavior components were found (i.e., Aggressing, Winning, Creating, and Helping), and each was related to at least one personality trait. For example, Aggressing was negatively related to Honesty-Humility and positively related to psychopathic traits. In Study 3 (n = 90), the connections between player personality traits and avatar personality traits were examined in World of Warcraft. Positive player-avatar correlations were observed for all personality traits except Extraversion. Significant mean differences between players and avatars were observed for all traits except Conscientiousness; avatars had higher mean scores on Extraversion and psychopathic traits, but lower mean scores on the remaining traits. In Study 4, the connections between player personality traits, avatar traits, and observed behaviors in a life-simulation video game (The Sims 3) were examined in university students (n = 93). Participants created two avatars and used these avatars to play The Sims 3. Results showed that the selection of certain avatar traits was related to relevant player personality traits (e.g., participants who chose the Friendly avatar trait were higher in Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, and Agreeableness, and lower in psychopathic traits). Selection of certain character-interaction behaviors was related to relevant player personality traits (e.g., participants with higher levels of psychopathic traits used more Mean and fewer Friendly interactions). Together, the results of the four studies suggest that individuals generally behave and represent themselves in video games in ways that are consistent with their real-world tendencies.

Leseratte oder Technikfreak? – Studienfachwahl von Studierenden der Anglistik, Elektrotechnik und Informatik

Zentrale Forschungsförderung der Universität Kassel (ZFF)

Imagen personal e imagen social : un avatar en el mundo real.

La propuesta didáctica puede descargarse en la dirección http://aula.grao.com