OS ACORDOS SILENCIOSOS COMO FATOR DETERMINANTE DO ISOLAMENTO ECUMÊNICO DA IGREJA PRESBITERIANA DO BRASIL (1910 -1966)

A proposta desta pesquisa é enfocar a história da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil no período de 1910 a 1966, a partir de uma análise histórica institucional, com vistas à compreensão do isolamento ecumênico da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil. A partir da análise de documentos pertencentes ao arquivo da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, procurou-se proceder o levantamento da memória coletiva e individual dos grupos presbiterianos, conservador e liberal, na tentativa de revelar os acordos silenciosos ? acordos que se manifestam, de forma velada, no plano do discurso ? que expressam a subjetividade objetividade dos sujeitos envolvidos. Essa perspectiva de análise justifica a opção pelo tema "Os acordos silenciosos como fator determinante do isolamento ecumênico da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (1910 1966)", uma vez que a pesquisa empreendida considera a espessura histórica, social, teórica e política de nosso objeto de estudo, necessária e fundamental para uma melhor compreensão desses acordos silenciosos. Nesse sentido, propomo-nos aproximar a realidade pensada da vivida, interpretar a polissemia de significados encontrados nos documentos e identificar a multiplicidade de pensamentos manifestos nos textos analisados, tomando o método histórico como procedimento de investigação. Os resultados deste trabalho acadêmico reforçam o papel ideológico da Igreja e sua doutrina como força psicológica e social que, ao lado do poder econômico, político e militar, forma o Poder Nacional, estabelece acordos internos e, quando alguém se declara contra esses acordos, as tensões já existentes, agravam-se. Na realização deste trabalho, pretende-se oferecer dados que propiciem a reflexão e o redimensionamento da leitura dos fatos ocorridos nesse período da história da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, sem recairmos em posições reducionistas e lesivas para a autônoma e adequada interpretação da realidade analisada.(AU)

OS ACORDOS SILENCIOSOS COMO FATOR DETERMINANTE DO ISOLAMENTO ECUMÊNICO DA IGREJA PRESBITERIANA DO BRASIL (1910 -1966)

A proposta desta pesquisa é enfocar a história da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil no período de 1910 a 1966, a partir de uma análise histórica institucional, com vistas à compreensão do isolamento ecumênico da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil. A partir da análise de documentos pertencentes ao arquivo da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, procurou-se proceder o levantamento da memória coletiva e individual dos grupos presbiterianos, conservador e liberal, na tentativa de revelar os acordos silenciosos ? acordos que se manifestam, de forma velada, no plano do discurso ? que expressam a subjetividade objetividade dos sujeitos envolvidos. Essa perspectiva de análise justifica a opção pelo tema "Os acordos silenciosos como fator determinante do isolamento ecumênico da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (1910 1966)", uma vez que a pesquisa empreendida considera a espessura histórica, social, teórica e política de nosso objeto de estudo, necessária e fundamental para uma melhor compreensão desses acordos silenciosos. Nesse sentido, propomo-nos aproximar a realidade pensada da vivida, interpretar a polissemia de significados encontrados nos documentos e identificar a multiplicidade de pensamentos manifestos nos textos analisados, tomando o método histórico como procedimento de investigação. Os resultados deste trabalho acadêmico reforçam o papel ideológico da Igreja e sua doutrina como força psicológica e social que, ao lado do poder econômico, político e militar, forma o Poder Nacional, estabelece acordos internos e, quando alguém se declara contra esses acordos, as tensões já existentes, agravam-se. Na realização deste trabalho, pretende-se oferecer dados que propiciem a reflexão e o redimensionamento da leitura dos fatos ocorridos nesse período da história da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, sem recairmos em posições reducionistas e lesivas para a autônoma e adequada interpretação da realidade analisada.(AU)

OS ACORDOS SILENCIOSOS COMO FATOR DETERMINANTE DO ISOLAMENTO ECUMÊNICO DA IGREJA PRESBITERIANA DO BRASIL (1910 -1966)

A proposta desta pesquisa é enfocar a história da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil no período de 1910 a 1966, a partir de uma análise histórica institucional, com vistas à compreensão do isolamento ecumênico da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil. A partir da análise de documentos pertencentes ao arquivo da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, procurou-se proceder o levantamento da memória coletiva e individual dos grupos presbiterianos, conservador e liberal, na tentativa de revelar os acordos silenciosos ? acordos que se manifestam, de forma velada, no plano do discurso ? que expressam a subjetividade objetividade dos sujeitos envolvidos. Essa perspectiva de análise justifica a opção pelo tema "Os acordos silenciosos como fator determinante do isolamento ecumênico da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (1910 1966)", uma vez que a pesquisa empreendida considera a espessura histórica, social, teórica e política de nosso objeto de estudo, necessária e fundamental para uma melhor compreensão desses acordos silenciosos. Nesse sentido, propomo-nos aproximar a realidade pensada da vivida, interpretar a polissemia de significados encontrados nos documentos e identificar a multiplicidade de pensamentos manifestos nos textos analisados, tomando o método histórico como procedimento de investigação. Os resultados deste trabalho acadêmico reforçam o papel ideológico da Igreja e sua doutrina como força psicológica e social que, ao lado do poder econômico, político e militar, forma o Poder Nacional, estabelece acordos internos e, quando alguém se declara contra esses acordos, as tensões já existentes, agravam-se. Na realização deste trabalho, pretende-se oferecer dados que propiciem a reflexão e o redimensionamento da leitura dos fatos ocorridos nesse período da história da Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil, sem recairmos em posições reducionistas e lesivas para a autônoma e adequada interpretação da realidade analisada.(AU)

Poor functional health literacy : the silent disability for older people

In this information age, people are confronted by verbal, visual and written information. This is especially important in the health field, where information is needed to follow directions, understand prescriptions and undertake preventive behaviours. If provided in written form, much of this information may be inaccessible to people who cannot adequately read. Although poor literacy skills affect all groups in the population, older adults with fewer years of education seem to be particularly disadvantaged by an increasing reliance on written communication of health information. With older age comes a higher risk of illness and disability and a greater potential need to access the health system. As a result, poor literacy skills of older individuals may directly impact their health status. This paper explores the link between functional literacy and health, particularly for the older population, provides strategies to practitioners for the management of this problem, and suggests research initiatives in this area.

Licensing technology : negotiating and drafting technology transfer agreements [3rd ed.]

Part I of this book covers the commercial and contractual background to technology licensing agreements. Part II discusses the European Community's new regime on the application and enforcement of Article 81 to technology licensing agreements. EC Council Regulation 1/2003 replaced the Council Regulation 17/1962 and repealed the system under which restrictive agreements and practices could be notified to the EC Commission. A new Commission regulation on technology transfer agreements, Regulation 772/2004. These two enactments required consequential amendments to the chapters in Part III where the usual terms of technology licensing agreements are analysed and exemplified by reference to decided cases.

Mining agreements : negotiated frameworks in the Australian minerals sector

Discusses the role of negotiated frameworks as a regulatory mechanism in the development of Australia's premier industry of the 20th century.

Suzumushi : the silent swarm

This silent swarm of stylized crickets is downloading data from Internet and catalogue searches being undertaken by the public at the State Library Queensland. These searches are being displayed on the screen on their backs. Each cricket downloads the searches and communicates this information with other crickets. Commonly found searches spread like a meme through the swarm. In this work memes replace the crickets’ song, washing like a wave through the swarm and changing on the whim of Internet users. When one cricket begins calling others, the swarm may respond to produce emergent patterns of text. When traffic is slow or of now interest to the crickets, they display onomatopoeia. The work is inspired by R. Murray Schafer’s research into acoustic ecologies. In the 1960’s Schafer proposed that many species develop calls that fit niches within their acoustic environment. An increasing background of white noise dominates the acoustic environment of urban human habitats, leaving few acoustic niches for other species to communicate. The popularity of headphones and portable music may be seen as an evolution of our acoustic ecology driven by our desire to hear expressive, meaningful sound, above the din of our cities. Similarly, the crickets in this work are hypothetical creatures that have evolved to survive in a noisy human environment. This speculative species replaces auditory calls with onomatopoeia and information memes, communicating with the swarm via radio frequency chirps instead of sound. Whilst these crickets cannot make sound, each individual has been programmed respond to sound generated by the audience, by making onomatopoeia calls in text. Try talking to a cricket, blowing on its tail, or making other sounds to trigger a call.

Voluntary employment agreements in the pioneer state

Research Paper examining the introduction of VEA’s on the industrial and political framework of Queensland

Suzumushi : a silent future

This paper introduces the creative work Suzumushi: the silent swarm, produced by Kuuki. The paper provides an outline of the work and draws together the ideas that influenced the works form, the conceptual material and interaction design, including acoustic ecology and emergence.

An evaluation of the sustainability of agreements reached through mediations conducted by the dispute resolution centres of the Department of Justice and Attorney General, Queensland between 1999 to 2003

In 1990 the Dispute Resolution Centres Act, 1990 (Qld) (the Act) was passed by the Queensland Parliament. In the second reading speech for the Dispute Resolution Centres Bill on May 1990 the Hon Dean Wells stated that the proposed legislation would make mediation services available “in a non-coercive, voluntary forum where, with the help of trained mediators, the disputants will be assisted towards their own solutions to their disputes, thereby ensuring that the result is acceptable to the parties” (Hansard, 1990, 1718). It was recognised at that time that a method for resolving disputes was necessary for which “the conventional court system is not always equipped to provide lasting resolution” (Hansard, 1990, 1717). In particular, the lasting resolution of “disputes between people in continuing relationships” was seen as made possible through the new legislation; for example, “domestic disputes, disputes between employees, and neighbourhood disputes relating to such issues as overhanging tree branches, dividing fences, barking dogs, smoke, noise and other nuisances are occurring continually in the community” (Hansard, 1990, 1717). The key features of the proposed form of mediation in the Act were articulated as follows: “attendance of both parties at mediation sessions is voluntary; a party may withdraw at any time; mediation sessions will be conducted with as little formality and technicality as possible; the rules of evidence will not apply; any agreement reached is not enforceable in any court; although it could be made so if the parties chose to proceed that way; and the provisions of the Act do not affect any rights or remedies that a party to a dispute has apart from the Act” (Hansard, 1990, 1718). Since the introduction of the Act, the Alternative Dispute Resolution Branch of the Queensland Department of Justice and Attorney General has offered mediation services through, first the Community Justice Program (CJP), and then the Dispute Resolution Centres (DRCs) for a range of family, neighbourhood, workplace and community disputes. These services have mirrored those available through similar government agencies in other states such as the Community Justice Centres of NSW and the Victorian Dispute Resolution Centres. Since 1990, mediation has become one of the fastest growing forms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Sourdin has commented that "In addition to the growth in court-based and community-based dispute resolution schemes, ADR has been institutionalised and has grown within Australia and overseas” (2005, 14). In Australia, in particular, the development of ADR service provision “has been assisted by the creation and growth of professional organisations such as the Leading Edge Alternative Dispute Resolvers (LEADR), the Australian Commercial Dispute Centres (ACDC), Australian Disputes Resolution Association (ADRA), Conflict Resolution Network, and the Institute of Arbitrators and Mediators Australia (IAMA)” (Sourdin, 2005, 14). The increased emphasis on the use of ADR within education contexts (particularly secondary and tertiary contexts) has “also led to an increasing acceptance and understanding of (ADR) processes” (Sourdin, 2005, 14). Proponents of the mediation process, in particular, argue that much of its success derives from the inherent flexibility and creativity of the agreements reached through the mediation process and that it is a relatively low cost option in many cases (Menkel-Meadow, 1997, 417). It is also accepted that one of the main reasons for the success of mediation can be attributed to the high level of participation by the parties involved and thus creating a sense of ownership of, and commitment to, the terms of the agreement (Boulle, 2005, 65). These characteristics are associated with some of the core values of mediation, particularly as practised in community-based models as found at the DRCs. These core values include voluntary participation, party self-determination and party empowerment (Boulle, 2005, 65). For this reason mediation is argued as being an effective approach to resolving disputes, that creates a lasting resolution of the issues. Evaluation of the mediation process, particularly in the context of the growth of ADR, has been an important aspect of the development of the process (Sourdin, 2008). Writing in 2005 for example, Boulle, states that “although there is a constant refrain for more research into mediation practice, there has been a not insignificant amount of mediation measurement, both in Australia and overseas” (Boulle, 2005, 575). The positive claims of mediation have been supported to a significant degree by evaluations of the efficiency and effectiveness of the process. A common indicator of the effectiveness of mediation is the settlement rate achieved. High settlement rates for mediated disputes have been found for Australia (Altobelli, 2003) and internationally (Alexander, 2003). Boulle notes that mediation agreement rates claimed by service providers range from 55% to 92% (Boulle, 2005, 590). The annual reports for the Alternative Dispute Resolution Branch of the Queensland Department of Justice and Attorney-General considered prior to the commencement of this study indicated generally achievement of an approximate settlement figure of 86% by the Queensland Dispute Resolution Centres. More recently, the 2008-2009 annual report states that of the 2291 civil dispute mediated in 2007-2008, 86% reached an agreement. Further, of the 2693 civil disputes mediated in 2008-2009, 73% reached an agreement. These results are noted in the report as indicating “the effectiveness of mediation in resolving disputes” and as reflecting “the high level of agreement achieved for voluntary mediations” (Annual Report, 2008-2009, online). Whilst the settlement rates for the DRCs are strong, parties are rarely contacted for long term follow-up to assess whether agreements reached during mediation lasted to the satisfaction of each party. It has certainly been the case that the Dispute Resolution Centres of Queensland have not been resourced to conduct long-term follow-up assessments of mediation agreements. As Wade notes, "it is very difficult to compare "success" rates” and whilst “politicians want the comparison studies (they) usually do not want the delay and expense of accurate studies" (1998, 114). To date, therefore, it is fair to say that the efficiency of the mediation process has been evaluated but not necessarily its effectiveness. Rather, the practice at the Queensland DRCs has been to evaluate the quality of mediation service provision and of the practice of the mediation process. This has occurred, for example, through follow-up surveys of parties' satisfaction rates with the mediation service. In most other respects it is fair to say that the Centres have relied on the high settlement rates of the mediation process as a sign of the effectiveness of mediation (Annual Reports 1991 - 2010). Research of the mediation literature conducted for the purpose of this thesis has also indicated that there is little evaluative literature that provides an in-depth analysis and assessment of the longevity of mediated agreements. Instead evaluative studies of mediation tend to assess how mediation is conducted, or compare mediation with other conflict resolution options, or assess the agreement rate of mediations, including parties' levels of satisfaction with the service provision of the dispute resolution service provider (Boulle, 2005, Chapter 16).

Affect and inarticulacy : the silent voice of the artist

This paper is based on a practice-led research project I conducted into the artist’s ‘voice’ as part of my PhD. The artist’s ‘voice’ is, I argue, comprised of a dual motivation—'articulate' representation and ‘inarticulate’ affect—two things which do not necessarily derive from the artist; two things that are in effect, trans-subjective. Within this paper I will explore the ‘inarticulate’ through the later Lyotard’s affect-phrase, in conjunction with the example of my own painting and digital arts practice, to show just how this unknown can be mapped and understood as generative. As a visual artist my primary interest is in abstraction; I am curious about the emergence of pictorial significance and content from affect’s seemingly unknowable space. My studio practice occasions a sense of borderlessness, and uncertainty where each work or body of work ‘leaks’ into the next, exploring the unfamiliar through the powerful and restless discursive silence of affect. It is within this silence that is performed the disturbing yet generative disconnect that is the affect-phrase. This I contend is apparent in art’s manifest materiality that is, its degree of abstraction and muteness. For the later Lyotard, affect disrupts articulation by injuring or violating the rules of the genres of discourse. For this to be evident one needs to attend to the subtleties of how affect may ‘animate’ discourse. In other words how affect’s discursive disruption activates art’s resistance to definitive interpretation generating even demanding diverse ‘meaning’ creation for art, the abstract, and critical discourse.