Land, rights and the gift: the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 and the negotiation of citizenship

The Countryside and Rights of Way Act came into force at the end of 2000 with,as part of its content, new provisions relating to public access to the English and Welsh countryside. In this paper we review the main elements of the Act and assess its meaning in relation to citizenship, territoriality and the place of land in English law and society. We invoke Mauss’s (1954)concept of Gift to explain the process of brokerage being made over access and rights in the countryside. In conclusion we reflect on the Act as being indicative of a wider move towards Bromley’s (1998)post-feudal scenario for land and its governance.

The gender gap in real estate sales: negotiation skill or agent selection?

This study examines differences in net selling price for residential real estate across male and female agents. A sample of 2,020 home sales transactions from Fulton County, Georgia are analyzed in a two-stage least squares, geospatial autoregressive corrected, semi-log hedonic model to test for gender and gender selection effects. Although agent gender seems to play a role in naïve models, its role becomes inconclusive as variables controlling for possible price and time on market expectations of the buyers and sellers are introduced to the models. Clear differences in real estate sales prices, time on market, and agent incomes across genders are unlikely due to differences in negotiation performance between genders or the mix of genders in a two-agent negotiation. The evidence suggests an interesting alternative to agent performance: that buyers and sellers with different reservation price and time on market expectations, such as those selling foreclosure homes, tend to select agents along gender lines.

Knowledge Interfaces and Practices of Negotiation: Cases from a Women's Group in Bolivia and an Oil Refinery in Wales

This chapter examines encounters between international institutions that frame their objectives through a global policy language, and people whose lives are the focus for change heralded by these institutions. It explores how a global policy language, which seeks consensus and equality, can be at odds with local understandings, conflict and intentions.

'You show me yours, I'll show you mine': the negotiation of shifts from textual to visual modes in computer-mediated interaction among gay men

This article explores the way users of an online gay chat room negotiate the exchange of photographs and the conduct of video conferencing sessions and how this negotiation changes the way participants manage their interactions and claim and impute social identities. Different modes of communication provide users with different resources for the control of information, affecting not just what users are able to reveal, but also what they are able to conceal. Thus, the shift from a purely textual mode for interacting to one involving visual images fundamentally changes the kinds of identities and relationships available to users. At the same time, the strategies users employ to negotiate these shifts of mode can alter the resources available in different modes. The kinds of social actions made possible through different modes, it is argued, are not just a matter of the modes themselves but also of how modes are introduced into the ongoing flow of interaction.

About Collaboration, Interaction, and the Negotiation of Meaning in Synchronous Written Chats in L2-German

Open Access

The effects of improved strength on obstacle negotiation in community-living older adults

Poor mobility has been associated with age-related deterioration in muscle strength. While previous work has examined the effects of improved strength on level walking, we have quantified the effects of a resistance-training program on obstructed gait tasks using biomechanical-dependent measures. Forty-five community-dwelling participants aged 62 years or older were randomised to either a control (n=16) or experimental group (n=29). The experimental subjects exercised for 24 weeks on a progressive resistance-training program designed to improve lower body strength. Dynamic strength was assessed at weeks 0 and 24 as well as specific laboratory gait kinetics and kinematics during stepping over an obstacle and negotiation of a raised surface set at 10, 20 and 30% of each subject's leg length.

Chained Negotiation for Distributed Notification Services

Distributed notification services allow consumers and publishers of notifications to interact with different notification services. However, such a distributed infrastructure makes it difficult to share notifications between consumers when consumers are allowed to specify Quality of Service levels. In this paper, we present a chained negotiation engine, enabling distributed notification services to support negotiation and to reuse existing subscriptions. We demonstrate the benefit to the system as a whole by reducing load on service providers and enabling content to be shared.

Automated Negotiation Between Publishers And Consumers Of Grid Notifications

Notification Services mediate between information publishers and consumers that wish to subscribe to periodic updates. In many cases, however, there is a mismatch between the dissemination of these updates and the delivery preferences of the consumer, often in terms of frequency of delivery, quality, etc. In this paper, we present an automated negotiation engine that identifies mutually acceptable terms; we study its performance, and discuss its application to a Grid Notification Service. We also demonstrate how the negotiation engine enables users to control the Quality of Service levels they require.

Automated Negotiation for Grid Notification Services

Notification Services mediate between information publishers and consumers that wish to subscribe to periodic updates. In many cases, however, there is a mismatch between the dissemination of these updates and the delivery preferences of the consumer, often in terms of frequency of delivery, quality, etc. In this paper, we present an automated negotiation engine that identifies mutually acceptable terms; we study its performance, and discuss its application to a Grid Notification Service. We also demonstrate how the negotiation engine enables users to control the Quality of Service levels they require.