987 resultados para mRNA


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以H5N2亚型禽流感病毒毒株血凝素蛋白裂解位点碱性氨基酸为研究对象,对其密码子偏好性和对应mRNA序列的折叠二级结构特点进行研究和分析.旨在探讨裂解位点氨基酸对应mRNA核苷酸片段的二级结构与病毒致病力的关系,希望能对禽流感病毒的研究提供一些基础性信息.将mRNA样本按照序列等步长递增的方法,用RNAstructure 4.1程序预测这些样本的动态延伸折叠二级结构.序列和结构的分析结果:裂解位点的碱性氨基酸对富含腺嘌呤的密码子有强烈偏好;与碱性氨基酸对应的mRNA片段上的核苷酸主要位于折叠二级结构的单链环区,少数位于配对螺旋区.结果表明:裂解位点氨基酸对应的mRNA核苷酸形成发夹端环的大小与其碱性氨基酸的多少具有正相关性.

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目的:探讨HIV-1感染是否影响细胞中UNG2的表达.方法:采用四步法SYBR green Ⅰ实时定量RT-PCR,对HIV-1感染者的T和B淋巴细胞,以及HIV-1感染的C8166细胞核内UNG2 mRNA的表达进行测定.结果:UNG2 mRNA的表达在HIV-1感染者的T细胞和HIV-1感染的C8166细胞中被明显上调,分别是对照的8.76倍和8.14倍,而在HIV-1感染者的B细胞中却没有被上调.结论:HIV-1感染导致的UNG2表达上调,可能通过减少TCR的多样性削弱Th的功能,另一方面可能有利于病毒对UNG2的包装.

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下载PDF阅读器已知导入未编辑atp9 mRNA的烟草表现细胞质雄性不育(CMS),因此认为线粒体基因atp9是引起高等植物CMS的主要基因.为了解atp9在CMS中的作用机制,从3对烟草不育系及其同型保持系中提取atp9,利用实验与理论结合来分析其mRNA在编辑前后以及在不育系及其同型保持系中的一维、三维信息差别.结果表明,atp9 mRNA一维信息方面的差异,更重要的是二级结构的差异和稳定性,可能是影响ATP合成而导致CMS的根本原因.

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从GenBank获得大肠杆菌K-12MG1655株的全基因组序列,计算了与基因密码子偏好性相关的多个参数(Nc、CAI、GC、GC3s),对其mRNA编码区长度、形成二级结构倾向与密码子偏好性之间的关系进行了统计学分析,发现虽然翻译效率(包括翻译速度和翻译精度)是制约大肠杆菌高表达基因的密码子偏好性的主要因素,同时,mRNA编码区长度及其形成二级结构的倾向也是形成这种偏好性的不可忽略的原因,而且对偏好性有一定程度的削弱。另外对mRNA编码区形成二级结构倾向的生物学意义进行了讨论分析。

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利用置信度为95 的特征字研究了蛋白质二级结构以及其对应mRNA 二级结构, 发现 蛋白质二级结构和mRNA 二级结构有明显的相关性. 规则二级结构A2螺旋, B2折叠以及包含 有Turn 的边界明显倾向于mRNA 二级结构的茎区, 而避免出现在环区.

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 以UNCG, GNRA , CUU G (N = A , U , C 或G; R = G或A) 为端环能够形成稳定的、保 守的发夹结构. 它们具有特殊的结构特征, 并在体内发挥着重要的生物学功能. 这些稳定的发夹 广泛分布于体内rRNA , 催化RNA 和非编码mRNA 中. 但对人类88 个编码区mRNA 二级结构的 研究当中, 却没有发现C(UUCG) G发夹. 而且, 与rRNA 不同, 这些编码区mRNA 四环序列的 分布没有明显的偏好性.

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mRNA 所包含的核苷酸序列通过三联体密码子决定了蛋白质的氨基酸序列。但是, 由于对氨基酸同 义密码使用频率上的差异, 密码子与反密码子相互作用效率上的不同, 以及密码子上下文关系和mRNA 不同区 域二级结构上的差异, 造成了核糖体对mRNA 不同区域翻译速度上的差异, 加之共翻译折叠的作用, 使得mR2 NA 的序列和结构影响着蛋白质空间结构的形成。

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The forming mechanism of the three - dimensional structures of proteins,i.e.the mechanism of protein folding,is a basic problem in molecular biology which is still unsolved unitl now. In which a core problem is whether there is the three – dimensional genetic information that decide the three - dimensional structures of proteins. However, the research on this field has mot yet been reported. Recently,we made a comparative study on the folded structures of more than 70 mature messeneger RNAs (mRNAs) and the three - dimensional structures of the proteins encoded by them,it has been found that there exist marked correspondences between their featured structures in the following aspects: 1.The number of the structural units. An RNA molecule can form a secondary structure(stem and loop structure) by the folding and the base pairing of itself. The elementary structural unit of an RNA secondary structure is hairpin(or compound hair pin).The regular structural unit in the secondary structure of a protein is # alpha # - helix or #beta# - sheet . We have found that the hairpin number in the secondary structure of each mature mRNA is equal or approximately equal to the number of the regular secondary structural unis of the encoded protein. 2 .Turning region. Turn is a main structrual element in the secondary structure of a protein, which decides the backbone orientation of a protein molecule to some extent .Our analysis shows that the nucleotide sequence segments in an mRNA which encode the turns of the corresponding protein are overall situated in the turning regions of the mRNA secondary structure such as haipin,bulge loop or multibaranch loops. 3 .The arrangement of structural elements in space. In order to understand the backbone orientation of an RNA molecule and the arangement of its structural elements in space,we have modeled the three一dimensional structure of the mRNA molecule on SGI workstation based on its secondary structure.The result shows that the spatial arrangement of most of the nucleotide sequence segments encoding the structural elements of a protein is consistent with that of these stretural exements in the protein. For instance,the nucleotide sequences corresponding to each pleated sheet of a # beta # - sheet structure are close to each other in the mRNA secondary stucture and in the three - dimensional structure,although some of the nucleotide segments are far apart from each other in the one - dimensional sequence. For another instance,the two triplet codons of cysteines which form a disulphide bridge geneal1y are very close to each other in the mRNA folded structure. In addition,we also analyzed the locations of the codons proline - coding and the distrbution of the nucleotide sequences #alpha# - helix - coding in the folded structures of mRNAs . Some distribution laws have been found. All of these results suggest that the transfer of the genetic information from mRNA to protein not only is one – dimensional but also is three - dime ns ional. That is,there exists the genetic information that decide the three - dimensional structures of proteins. To a certain extent,we could say that the mRNA folding detemines the protein folding. Based on these results,it would be possible to predict the three - dimensional structures of proteins from the primary,secondary and tertiary structures of the m RNAs at a higher accuracy.And more important is that a new clue has been provided to uncover the“spatial coding" of the genetic information.

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对编码成熟肽的mRNA二级结构的分析显示,每个密码子在mRNA二级结构中的位置有一定的倾向性,这种倾向性似乎与相应氨基酸的构象性质相一致。大多数编码疏水氨基酸的密码子位于mRNA二级结构中较稳定的茎区;反之,大多数编码亲水氨基酸的密码子位于柔性的环区。这个结果支持了最近得到的关于mRNA与蛋白质之间存在着三维结构信息传递的结论。

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孤儿受体TR2 mRNA在大鼠睾丸内特异定位于生精细胞,主要在减数分裂期的精母细胞和减数分裂后的圆形和长型精子细胞表达。在不同曲细精管间,TR2 mRNA表达有明显差异。大鼠隐睾手术后d3和d5,生精细胞出现凋亡,TR2 mRNA表达略有下降;到d7.5时,大量生精细胞发生凋亡,TR2 mRNA表达明显降低。从手术后d10起,检测不到TR2 mRNA的表达。手术后d15和d20的恒河猴隐睾中,仅有少数初级精母细胞表达TR2 mRNA,d30、45和60恒河猴隐睾基本不表达TR2 mRNA

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对68个外显子-内含子-外显子序列片段以及相应的外显子-外显子序列片段的二级结构进行分析后发现,内含子5^端和3^端的碱基G(剪接位点)中大约90%位于二级结构的环区或是茎区的端部并靠近环,而且位于环区的G也多靠近环的基部;92%的外显子拼接位点也有类似性质。约82%的分枝点A位于环区或环与茎的连接部位。折叠结构的形成使剪接位点和分枝点在空间上彼此靠近。

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据氨基酸序列,密码子序列和蛋白质二组结构序列的比较,指出约18%的两肽的密码子具有反常的蛋白质结构偏好性,并且这种反常不能用随机涨落解释,因而关于蛋白质折迭的Anfinsen原理可能需要作适当修正。

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为了探讨 HSF2 mRNA 在热应激和超生理剂量睾酮诱导恒河猴生精细胞凋亡中的表达变化, 作者建立了手术诱导单侧隐睾和注射大剂量11酸睾酮(TU)恒河猴动物模型, 应用3′末端标记分析(TUNEL)和原位杂交方法, 检测睾丸细胞的凋亡信号和 HSF2的表达变化. TUNEL 结果显示热应激和超生理剂量睾酮能够诱导生精细胞出现凋亡信号, 它分别于处理后第5天和第30天达到最强, 表明热应激和睾酮干扰精子发生可能是通过生精细胞凋亡的方式来实现的. HSF2 mRNA 水平在生精细胞凋亡早期(凋亡信号达到最强以前)略有降低, 而在凋亡高峰期之后其表达急剧下降. Hsf2基因与作者以前研究的 Hsp70-2基因的表达具有时间上的相关性, 表明 HSF2蛋白可能调控 Hsp70-2基因的表达, 而且 HSF2可能通过多种方式影响精子的发生以及抑制生精细胞的凋亡。

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mRNA发夹结构和单链结构的理论模型构建,以及基于对X射线晶体衍射和NMR实验数据的模拟研究显示,在翻译过程中,核糖体上mRNA解折叠后的单链拓扑形态,与mRNA本身的发夹结构密切相关,均呈现为不同程度的螺旋与卷曲相间的构象。通过包括翻译速度在内的调节作用,这种构象可能会影响到新生肽链的折叠。

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A comparative study on the structures of some mRNAs and their encoded proteins shows an intriguing correlation between the two foldings. Non-random distribution of codons in the secondary structures of mRNAs is also shown, which appears to be in accordance with the conformational properties of amino acids in protein structures to some extent. These results seem to suggest that there may be a kind of genetic relationship between mRNA and protein at three-dimensional level.