Tricuspid valve dysplasia and Ebstein's anomaly in dogs: case report

Dois casos de displasia da valva tricúspide são relatados neste trabalho. Os cães foram avaliados devido à fraqueza e presença de ascite. em ambos os casos, o exame ecocardiográfico mostrou insuficiência tricúspide e, em um deles, a inserção dos folhetos da valva tricúspide encontrava-se deslocada para baixo do ventrículo direito, caracterizando a anomalia de Ebstein. A terapia medicamentosa para insuficiência cardíaca congestiva foi iniciada, mas um dos animais veio a óbito subitamente alguns dias após o diagnóstico. O outro cão, apesar de inicialmente ter apresentado melhora significativa do quadro clínico, apresentou morte súbita. A necropsia dos animais revelou dilatação atrioventricular direita e folhetos tricúspides espessados. As características clínicas, métodos de diagnóstico e terapia medicamentosa são discutidas neste artigo.

Biocompatibilidade do cimento de fosfato de cálcio implantado no rádio de coelhos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a biocompatibilidade do cimento de fosfato de cálcio, para verificar sua eficácia como possível substituto ósseo. MÉTODOS: No presente trabalho, foi utilizado cimento de fosfato de cálcio em rádio de 8 coelhos, separados em dois grupos (GI e GII), referentes aos tempos de observação de 12 e 26 semanas pós-operatórias, a fim de se observar as reações entre este biomaterial e o tecido ósseo do animal. Foram feitas análises radiográficas e de densitometria óptica, além de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. RESULTADOS: Observou-se, ao final do experimento, que o cimento à base de fosfato de cálcio foi parcialmente reabsorvido durante o tempo de observação de 26 semanas, apresentando biocompatibilidade, com ausência de reações indesejáveis que pudessem ser atribuídas aos implantes. CONCLUSÕES: O cimento à base de fosfato de cálcio foi biocompatível e parcialmente reabsorvido no período de 26 semanas de observação. Tempos maiores de observação são necessários para a avaliação da reabsorção.

Alterações ecocardiográficas em cães sob tratamento prolongado com doxorrubicina

Avaliou-se a cardiotoxicidade da doxorrubicina utilizando-se sete cães adultos, clinicamente normais, que receberam 30mg/m² de cloridrato de doxorrubicina (Adriblastina®) por via intravenosa, a cada 21 dias, durante 168 dias (grupo A), perfazendo dose cumulativa total de 240mg/m². em outros sete cães (grupo B) administraram-se 5ml de solução salina 0,9% estéril por via intravenosa, seguindo-se o esquema de aplicação proposto anteriormente. Os animais foram avaliados, periodicamente, por meio de exames ecocardiográficos em modo-M e bidimensional. Verificou-se aumento (P<0,01) no diâmetro e volume do ventrículo esquerdo, inicialmente em sístole e, posteriormente, em diástole, hipocinesia do septo interventricular e da parede livre do ventrículo esquerdo, reduções de aproximadamente 65% nas frações de encurtamento e de ejeção, além de aumento da separação do septo do ponto E do folheto anterior da válvula mitral nos animais do grupo A. As alterações cardíacas decorrentes do tratamento crônico com doxorrubicina foram semelhantes àquelas descritas em cães com cardiomiopatia dilatada, e os índices ecocardiográficos puderam ser utilizados no acompanhamento e na prevenção da cardiotoxicidade pelo quimioterápico.

Bispectral index in dogs with high intracranial pressure, anesthetized with propofol and submitted to two levels of FiO2

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação radiográfica da cobertura acetabular à cabeça femoral, após osteotomia tripla e aplicação de cunha sacroilíaca, em pelve de cadáveres de cães

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tenoplastia experimental do calcâneo em cães com peritônio bovino conservado em glicerina

No presente estudo, avaliou-se a eficácia do emprego do peritônio bovino, conservado em glicerina a 98%, no reparo de lesões induzidas no tendão calcâneo (TC) de cães, quando um fragmento de aproximadamente 1cm do TC foi excisado e o espaço resultante preenchido por um fragmento de peritônio. Foram utilizados 21 cães, pesando entre 10 e 15kg, divididos em 7 grupos de 3, sacrificados aos 02, 07, 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de pós-operatório. Analisaram-se os aspectos clínico-cirúrgicos referentes à recuperação funcional motora, bem como, a integração do peritônio com o tecido tendíneo mediante avaliação macroscópica, por microscopia óptica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Clinicamente, verificou-se que, por volta do 55º dia de pós-operatório, os animais já apresentavam deambulação normal e que o neotendão apresentou resistência suficiente para suportar o estresse normalmente aplicado ao TC. Microscopicamente, o peritônio implantado esteve presente em todos os períodos de observação. Proliferação fibroblástica e neoformação vascular foram observadas de forma incipiente no segundo dia; entretanto, no sétimo dia de pós-operatório, esta condição foi exacerbada. Com a evolução, as fibras de peritônio tendiam a se dissociar, entrando em estreita associação com fibras conjuntivas, fibroblastos e colágeno. Aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de pós-operatório, notava-se maior presença de colágeno que se tornava cada vez mais organizado. Concluiu-se que o peritônio estimulou uma rápida deposição de tecido conjuntivo com mínima reação inflamatória, sendo incorporado ao tecido cicatricial e servindo como alicerce para o desenvolvimento de um novo tecido, restabelecendo assim a estrutura do tendão.

Formação de educadores de jovens e adultos no Programa Geração Cidadã: relação entre saberes na proposição curricular

This paper deals with the fundamental elements of a curricular proposal aiming at the formation of alphabetizers of young and adults, as long as it concerns the relation between the academic knowledge and that one arising from the classroom experience. The empirical field of the research comes from the work of the teachers responsible for the formation of the alphabetizers of the GerAção Cidadã Program (2004-2005) linked, as an Extension Program, to Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. Indeed, it tries to understand how these young and adult educators makers figure out the link between the experienced knowledge, which their lives give testimony of, with the scientific knowledge, which they are entitled to mediate in class. This work is funded in the principles of the Collaborative Research, which constitutes a kind of qualitative research. It makes use of procedures supported by qualitative research, especially those ones related to reflexive sessions, as well as to documental researches and semi-structured interviews. These spaces have afforded the group of alphabetizers the opportunity to talk over their practice, not only individually but also collectively, in order to work out contributive proposals having in view changes in the educative actions. As elaborated contributions, we present a discussion about the specificities in the making of educators to EJA, in their differentiated social roles. Reflecting on the experiences of the educators makers, we highlight those elements we regard as essential to the constitution of a formation proposal, like formative times and spaces, dialogue and social memory. The curricular organization is compreneded as part of an enlarged dimension that does not restraint itself to school; rather, it is visualized as a structuring instance that connects different knowledge surpassing community and university. Under this optics, we come to the conclusion that the connection the scientific knowledge establishes with the experienced one, which is immersed in the cultural practices of those who are involved in the formative process, is the basement to a curricular proposal of a formation course destined to educators committed with the need of changing society

Atuação de técnicos de enfermagem junto ao recém-nascido com dor em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

The pain is a sensuous and emotional experience unpleasant associated or related to real injury or potencial of the tissues. It is considered an individual and subjective experience generally has been described in the literature about in the neonatal stage a lot. This study has descriptive and exploratory character with a qualitative approach. The study has with objectives to analyze the performance of the nursing technicians working with newborns admitted in the ITUN, seeking to describe the perception of the nursing technicians about the pain, identify the parameters used for the detection and evaluation of pain in them, trying to describe the ons of this team about the pain in the newborns in ITUN. The subjects are nine nursing technicians of the ITU of the Parenting School Januário Cicco in Natal-RN, engaged in direct assistance to newborns in the ITU, on the turn of the morning, which was prepared to participate in the search. The collection of the data was conducted through a structured interview with tree questions; through a non-participatory observation with a structured roadmap and were used to record and pass on call was also as a way of obtaining data. The start of the collection made after the assent of the Ethics Committee / UFRN in November, 2007. The speakings have been transcribed and data read extensively to obtain categories.The analysis of the content made in terms of Bardin. Emerged three main categories of significance: Perceptioning of pain in newborns; Caring for the newborns with pain; Registering the pain in the newborns. A nursing technicians identifies the pain in the newborns, for the most part, so empirical, using signs of behavioral or physiological changes in isolation, giving little emphasis to the environment and to respect that the newborns is inserted. It was found that the attitudes cited by subjects of the search before the newborns with pain, are for the most part non-pharmacological actions such as sucking nutrient not, a proper positioning and measures of comfort, however pharmacological actions have also been reported.These is also the absence of records of nursing records in the report of pain and actions to minimize them and, in records and for the passage of call. With this study we understand the role of the nursing technicians, and seek to contribute to subsidies for the practice of professionals involved in caring for this age group, and also in the search for a humane assistance to the newborns

Uma fundamentação matemática para processamento digital de sinais intervalares

This work deals with a mathematical fundament for digital signal processing under point view of interval mathematics. Intend treat the open problem of precision and repesention of data in digital systems, with a intertval version of signals representation. Signals processing is a rich and complex area, therefore, this work makes a cutting with focus in systems linear invariant in the time. A vast literature in the area exists, but, some concepts in interval mathematics need to be redefined or to be elaborated for the construction of a solid theory of interval signal processing. We will construct a basic fundaments for signal processing in the interval version, such as basic properties linearity, stability, causality, a version to intervalar of linear systems e its properties. They will be presented interval versions of the convolution and the Z-transform. Will be made analysis of convergences of systems using interval Z-transform , a essentially interval distance, interval complex numbers , application in a interval filter.

Fibra de crital fotônico: fundamentação e aplicações

The main purpose of this dissertation, consists of the study and analysis of the PBG (Photonic Band Gap )..tecnology incorporated in optical fiber structures. So, we'l1 present a complete PBG structure theory, and folowing this, we'l1 present also a chapter for convencional optical fiber, due to the need to construct the base theory of them, and latter a more complete work about photonic crystal fiber. Finaly, we'l1 show the results of the signals , dispersion, and obtained curves under the right dimensions according to the required signals, for convencional optical and photonic crystal fiber. Knowing that PBG crystals with low losses act as perfect mirrors for forbidden frequences and knowing that the persence of structures of PBG as substrates, brings some desirable characteristics such as spontaneous emition supression and superficial waves. We' 11 show according to these characteristics its applications in telecomunication. Therefore, the enphasis of this work is to show that the optical fibers are the only practible thing to integrate the enormous quantity of data and video at intemet' s market, developing, manipulating, changing, and multiplexing the optical fibers chanels in an area where we expect that the photonic crystals has an important hole, since the photonic crystals can be projected and made to avoid losses in the bands of certain wavelength which permits the increase in efficiency ofthe optical components projected with crystals. A sequence of this work would be the utilisation of the PBG structures in the new system of optical network without fiber developed by Bell laboratories of the lucent tecnology, last year using light rays for transmiting information through the air. The new system of optical networks without fiber will permit sending the data of 15 cd-rooms in less then one second, what represents 65 times more information than those transmitted through the actual radio frequences

Um estudo de estruturas com PBG e fotônica

One of the objectives of this work is the ana1ysis of planar structures using the PBG (photonic Bandgap), a new method of controlling propagation of electromagnetic waves in devices with dielectrics. Here the basic theory of these structures will be presented, as well as applications and determination of certain parameters. In this work the analysis will be performed concerning PBG structures, including the basic theory and applications in planar structures. Considerations are made related to the implementation of devices. Here the TTL (Transverse Transmission Line) method is employed, characterized by the simplicity in the treatment of the equations that govern the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the structure. In this method, the fields in x and z are expressed in function of the fields in the traverse direction y in FTD (Fourier Transform Domain). This method is useful in the determination of the complex propagation constant with application in high frequency and photonics. In this work structures will be approached in micrometric scale operating in frequencies in the range of T erahertz, a first step for operation in the visible spectra. The mathematical basis are approached for the determination of the electromagnetic fields in the structure, based on the method L TT taking into account the dimensions approached in this work. Calculations for the determination of the constant of complex propagation are also carried out. The computational implementation is presented for high frequencies. at the first time the analysis is done with base in open microstrip lines with semiconductor substrate. Finally, considerations are made regarding applications ofthese devices in the area of telecommunications, and suggestions for future

Modelos de dispositivos de microondas e ópticos através de redes neurais artificiais de alimentação direta

This dissertation contributes for the development of methodologies through feed forward artificial neural networks for microwave and optical devices modeling. A bibliographical revision on the applications of neuro-computational techniques in the areas of microwave/optical engineering was carried through. Characteristics of networks MLP, RBF and SFNN, as well as the strategies of supervised learning had been presented. Adjustment expressions of the networks free parameters above cited had been deduced from the gradient method. Conventional method EM-ANN was applied in the modeling of microwave passive devices and optical amplifiers. For this, they had been proposals modular configurations based in networks SFNN and RBF/MLP objectifying a bigger capacity of models generalization. As for the training of the used networks, the Rprop algorithm was applied. All the algorithms used in the attainment of the models of this dissertation had been implemented in Matlab

Estudo da oxidação superficial de ligas odontológicas de Ni-Cr em plasma pulsado para uso em restaurações metalocerâmicas

Metal ceramic restorations matches aesthetic and strength, and in your making occurs an interface oxide layer, wetting resulting and atomic and ionic interactions resulting between metal, oxide and porcelain. However, frequent clinical fails occurs in this restoration type, because lost homogeneous deposition oxide layer and lost interface bond. Thus, in this study, thought depositate homogeneous oxide films above Ni-Cr samples surfaces polite previously, at plasma oxide environment. Six samples was oxided at 300 and 400ºC at one hour, and two samples was oxided in a comum chamber at 900ºC, and then were characterized: optical microscopic, electronic microscopic, micro hardness, and X ray difratometry. Colors stripes were observed at six samples plasma oxided and a grey surface those comum oxided, thus like: hardness increase, and several oxides from basic metals (Ni-Cr)

Redução carbotérmica de TiO2 por descarga em cátodo oco

In this study we used the plasma as a source of energy in the process of carbothermic reduction of rutile ore (TiO2). The rutile and graphite powders were milled for 15 h and placed in a hollow cathode discharge produced by in order to obtain titanium carbonitride directly from the reaction, was verified the influence of processing parameters of plasma temperature and time in the synthesis of TiCN. The reaction was carried out at 600, 700 and 800˚C for 3 to 4 hours in an atmosphere of nitrogen and argon. During all reactions was monitored by plasma technique of optical emission spectroscopy (EEO) to check the active species present in the process of carbothermal reduction of TiO2. The powder obtained after the reactions were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The technique of EEO were detected in all reactions the spectra CO and NO, and these gas-phase resulting from the reduction of TiO2. The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the reduction, where for all conditions studied there was evidence of early reduction of TiO2 through the emergence of intermediate oxides. In the samples reduced at 600 and 700˚C, there was only the phase Ti6O11, those reduced to 800˚C appeared Ti5O9 phases, and Ti6O11 Ti7O13, confirming that the carbothermal reduction in plasma, a reduction of the ore rutile (TiO2) in a series of intermediate titanium oxide (TinO2n-1) where n varies between 5 and 10

Estudo da viabilidade técnica do uso das argilas da região do agreste potiguar para produção de peças cerâmicas: caracterização e formulação

In recent decades, ceramic products have become indispensable to the technological development of humanity, occupying important positions in scientific production and consequently in industrial production. One area of the economy that continues to absorb large amounts of the products of this sector is Construction. Among the branches of the ceramic industry, there are the red ceramic industry which is traditionally the basis of that economic sector. Among the reasons for which the red ceramic industry became popular in the country, and specifically in Rio Grande do Norte, is the abundance of this raw material, easily found throughout the national territory. However, it appears that the red ceramic industry has deficiencies in technology and skilled labor, resulting in the production of ceramic goods with low added value. Among the factors that determine the quality of the ceramic products red has the proper formulation of the ceramic mass, the conformation and the firing temperature. Thus, the overall goal of this work is to study the mineralogical and technological properties, two clays from the region of the Wasteland Potiguar industrial ceramist. Therefore, the raw materials were characterized by analysis of Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size analysis (FA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM ), plasticity index (PI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The technological properties of the material were analyzed by water absorption tests (AA%) porosity (% PA), the linear shrinkage (RT%), apparent density (MEA), loss on ignition (PF%) and flexural strength three points (TRF)