Sciatic neuropathy after body contouring surgery in massive weight loss patients

To date, obesity affects a substantial population in industrialised countries. Due to the increased awareness of obesity-related morbidity, efficient dietary regimens and the recent successes with bariatric surgery, there is now a high demand for body contouring surgery to correct skin abundancies after massive weight loss. The known risks for this type of surgery are mainly wound-healing complications, and, more rarely, thromboembolic or respiratory complications. We present two female patients (23 and 39 years of age) who, in spite of standard positioning and precautions, developed sciatic neuropathy after combined body contouring procedures, including abdominoplasty and inner thigh lift. Complete functional loss of the sciatic nerve was found by clinical and electroneurographic examination on the left side in patient one and bilaterally in patient two. Full nerve conductance recovery was obtained after 6 months in both patients. Although the occurrence of spontaneous neuropathies after heavy weight loss is well documented, this is the first report describing the appearance of such a phenomenon following body contouring surgery. One theoretical explanation may be the compression of the nerve during the semirecumbent positioning combined with hip flexion and abduction, which was required for abdominal closure and simultaneous access to the inner thighs. We advise to avoid this positioning and to include the risk of sciatic neuropathy in the routine preoperative information of patients scheduled for body contouring surgery after heavy weight loss.

Effective wound closure with a new two-component wound closure device (Prineo™) in excisional body-contouring surgery: experience in over 200 procedures

In excisional body-contouring surgery the surgeon is often confronted with time-consuming closure of long wounds. Recently, a new combination of a self-adhering mesh together with a liquid 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive (Prineo™; Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA) has been introduced to replace intracutaneous running suture.

Body contouring surgery following bariatric surgery and dietetically induced massive weight reduction: a risk analysis

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the impact of weight reduction method, preoperative, and intraoperative variables on the outcome of reconstructive body contouring surgery following massive weight reduction. METHODS: All patients presenting with a maximal BMI >/=35 kg/m(2) before weight reduction who underwent body contouring surgery of the trunk following massive weight loss (excess body mass index loss (EBMIL) >/= 30%) between January 2002 and June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Incomplete records or follow-up led to exclusion. Statistical analysis focused on weight reduction method and pre-, intra-, and postoperative risk factors. The outcome was compared to current literature results. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were included (87 female and 17 male; mean age 47.9 years). Massive weight reduction was achieved through bariatric surgery in 62 patients (59.6%) and dietetically in 42 patients (40.4%). Dietetically achieved excess body mass index loss (EBMIL) was 94.20% and in this cohort higher than surgically induced reduction EBMIL 80.80% (p < 0.01). Bariatric surgery did not present increased risks for complications for the secondary body contouring procedures. The observed complications (26.9%) were analyzed for risk factors. Total tissue resection weight was a significant risk factor (p < 0.05). Preoperative BMI had an impact on infections (p < 0.05). No impact on the postoperative outcome was detected in EBMIL, maximal BMI, smoking, hemoglobin, blood loss, body contouring technique or operation time. Corrective procedures were performed in 11 patients (10.6%). The results were compared to recent data. CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery does not increase risks for complications in subsequent body contouring procedures when compared to massive dietetic weight reduction.

Evaluation of Medical Students’ Attitudes and Performance of Basic Surgery Skills in a Training Program Using Fresh Human skin, Excised During Body Contouring Surgeries

BACKGROUND: Learning surgical skills in the operating room may be a challenge for medical students. Therefore, more approaches using simulation to enable students to develop their practical skills are required. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that (1) there would be a need for additional surgical training for medical students in the pre-final year, and (2) our basic surgery skills training program using fresh human skin would improve medical students' surgical skills. DESIGN: We conducted a preliminary survey of medical students to clarify the need for further training in basic surgery procedures. A new approach using simulation to teach surgical skills on human skin was set up. The procedural skills of 15 randomly selected students were assessed in the operating room before and after participation in the simulation, using Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Furthermore, subjective assessment was performed based on students' self-evaluation. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 21 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). SETTING: The study took place at the Inselspital, Bern University Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 186 pre-final-year medical students were enrolled into the preliminary survey; 15 randomly selected medical students participated in the basic surgical skills training course on the fresh human skin operating room. RESULTS: The preliminary survey revealed the need for a surgical skills curriculum. The simulation approach we developed showed significant (p < 0.001) improvement for all 12 surgical skills, with mean cumulative precourse and postcourse values of 31.25 ± 5.013 and 45.38 ± 3.557, respectively. The self-evaluation contained positive feedback as well. CONCLUSION: Simulation of surgery using human tissue samples could help medical students become more proficient in handling surgical instruments before stepping into a real surgical situation. We suggest further studies evaluating our proposed teaching method and the possibility of integrating this simulation approach into the medical school curriculum.

Does abdominoplasty with liposuction of the love handles yield a shorter scar? An analysis with abdominal 3D laser scanning.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of abdominoplasty with liposuction of both flanks with regards to length of scar, complications, and patient's satisfaction. A retrospective analysis of 35 patients who underwent esthetic abdominoplasty at our institution between 2002 and 2004 was performed. Thirteen patients underwent abdominoplasty with liposuction of both flanks, 22 patients underwent conventional abdominoplasty. Liposuction of the flanks did not increase the rate of complications of the abdominoplasty procedures. We found a tendency toward shorter scars in patients who underwent abdominoplasty combined with liposuction of the flanks. Implementation of 3-dimensional laser surface scanning to objectify the postoperative outcomes, documented a comparable degree of flatness of the achieved body contouring in both procedures. 3-dimensional laser surface scanning can be a valuable tool to objectify assessment of postoperative results.

Revisión sistemática de la literatura: efecto de la radiofrecuencia como tratamiento de la lipodistrofia ginecoide (celulitis)

Introducción: La lipodistrofia ginecoide, es una condición de la piel distintiva del sexo femenino, estéticamente no aceptada y uno de los principales motivos de consulta en la Medicina Estética. Uno de los equipos médicos-estéticos más utilizados en su tratamiento es la radiofrecuencia, sin embargo su aplicación no siempre lleva a resultados satisfactorios para los pacientes. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos obtenidos a partir de bases de datos y búsqueda manual en revistas de dermatología estética entre los años 2004 y 2010 que suministraran la mejor evidencia. Se realizó evaluación de calidad metodológica y los estudios incluidos se organizaron en tablas de evidencia. Resultados: De 38 estudios, se seleccionaron 17 artículos. Los estudios disponibles fueron clasificados según nivel de evidencia como IIA, IB y IIB. Se encontró concordancia en resultados histológicos, evidenciando por aumento de lipólisis, cambios estructurales del adipocito y aumento del colágeno dérmico. La mejoría de la apariencia, fue similar con los diferentes tipos de radiofrecuencia. La disminución de la circunferencia parece ser dependiente del número de sesiones realizadas. Los efectos secundarios principales son eritema y equimosis. Las complicaciones están relacionadas con equipos combinados. No hay evidencia de resultados perdurables en el tiempo. Conclusión: Primera revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre los efectos de la radiofrecuencia en la lipodistrofia ginecoide. La radiofrecuencia sola o combinada es una tecnología segura y efectiva para el manejo de la lipodistrofia ginecoide. La presencia de complicaciones es operario dependiente. Es necesaria la realización de estudios que permitan mayor nivel de evidencia.

Hidrolipoclasia con solución salina hipotónica versus isotónica en adiposidad localizada

Introducción: La hidrolipoclasia es una técnica de moldeamiento corporal consistente en la infiltración de una solución en el tejido adiposo con la consiguiente aplicación de ultrasonido para producir lisis en los adipocitos y reducción del tejido adiposo en el área de tratamiento. Sin embargo, existen múltiples variaciones a la técnica, entre ellas el tipo de solución utilizada. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los resultados con la técnica de hidrolipoclasia en cuanto a reducción de medidas con el uso de solución salina hipotónica versus isotónica. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, se analizaron historias clínicas de pacientes a los que se les realizó hidrolipoclasia entre enero de 2013 y febrero 2014 en dos centros médicos estéticos de Bogotá. Se compararon dos técnicas (utilizando solución salina isotónica versus hipotónica) en cuanto a la disminución de medidas antropométricas tomadas antes y después del tratamiento. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la comparación de medias utilizando la prueba t de Student. Resultados: Se analizaron 37 historias clínicas, 19 pacientes sometidos a hidrolipoclasia con solución salina hipotónica y 18 con isotónica. Después de la realización de un procedimiento hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa (p: 0,000) en todas las medidas antropométricas evaluadas, siendo mayor comparativamente en los pacientes tratados con solución hipotónica en cintura, perímetro abdominal y perímetro a nivel de crestas iliacas. Los efectos secundarios incluyeron equimosis y hematomas. No se presentaron complicaciones. Conclusión: La hidrolipoclasia es segura y eficaz en el manejo de adiposidad localizada, teniendo una mayor efectividad cuando se utiliza solución salina hipotónica.

Análise comparativa da evolução e das complicações pós-operatórias nas cirurgias plásticas do contorno corporal em pacientes idosos e jovens com perda ponderal maciça

INTRODUÇÃO: Os procedimentos aplicados a pacientes ex-obesos idosos após terapêuticas bariátricas estão em ascensão. Dados fidedignos quanto à evolução e às complicações nesse grupo populacional ainda são escassos na literatura. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a evolução e as complicações em abdominoplastias realizadas em pacientes com idade mais avançada após perda ponderal maciça, e compará-las às de pacientes mais jovens. MÉTODO: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, pacientes com perda ponderal maciça submetidos a cirurgia para contorno da região abdominal, entre julho de 2005 e julho de 2011, no Hospital Estadual Sapopemba (HESAP). Como critério para divisão dos grupos, a fim de analisar o período pós-operatório e as complicações das abdominoplastias realizadas após perda ponderal maciça, foi estabelecida idade > 60 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 264 pacientes, 19 deles com idade entre 60 anos e 75 anos (grupo I) e 245 entre 22 anos e 59 anos (grupo J). O grupo I apresentou 10,5% de complicações maiores (P > 0,999) e 41,1% de complicações menores (P = 0,280), enquanto o grupo J obteve 10,6% de complicações maiores (P > 0,999) e 30,2% de complicações menores (P = 0,280). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com > 60 anos de idade não apresentaram maior número de complicações que o grupo mais jovem.

Chirurgische Maßnahmen zur Wiederherstellung der Körperform und -kontur nach massiver Gewichtsreduktion

The consequences of massive weight loss through bariatric procedures as well as diet are overall positive. However, the sequelae of massive weight loss present themselves as soft tissue redundancies in the areas of the lower abdomen, upper thigh, upper arm and breast as well as face and neck. This condition presents significant mechanical, physical and social day-to-day limitations for the quality of life of these patients. Surgical techniques are indicated for the reconstruction of the body shape and therapy of the above named problems and the coexistent psychosocial component. These surgical techniques involve dermolipectomies in different body areas and can lead to significant improvement. In view of the worldwide increase of adipositas and the increasing need for bariatric surgery, a parallel increase in demand for such reconstructive post-bariatric interventions can be foreseen. Early and precise information is crucial for the patients before engaging in weight reduction, as is the coverage of the costs of the resulting secondary reconstructive body contouring interventions by the insurance companies.

Thoracic target volume delineation using various maximum-intensity projection computed tomography image sets for stereotactic body radiation therapy

The motion of lung tumors during respiration makes the accurate delivery of radiation therapy to the thorax difficult because it increases the uncertainty of target position. The adoption of four-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) has allowed us to determine how a tumor moves with respiration for each individual patient. Using information acquired during a 4D-CT scan, we can define the target, visualize motion, and calculate dose during the planning phase of the radiotherapy process. One image data set that can be created from the 4D-CT acquisition is the maximum-intensity projection (MIP). The MIP can be used as a starting point to define the volume that encompasses the motion envelope of the moving gross target volume (GTV). Because of the close relationship that exists between the MIP and the final target volume, we investigated four MIP data sets created with different methodologies (3 using various 4D-CT sorting implementations, and one using all available cine CT images) to compare target delineation. It has been observed that changing the 4D-CT sorting method will lead to the selection of a different collection of images; however, the clinical implications of changing the constituent images on the resultant MIP data set are not clear. There has not been a comprehensive study that compares target delineation based on different 4D-CT sorting methodologies in a patient population. We selected a collection of patients who had previously undergone thoracic 4D-CT scans at our institution, and who had lung tumors that moved at least 1 cm. We then generated the four MIP data sets and automatically contoured the target volumes. In doing so, we identified cases in which the MIP generated from a 4D-CT sorting process under-represented the motion envelope of the target volume by more than 10% than when measured on the MIP generated from all of the cine CT images. The 4D-CT methods suffered from duplicate image selection and might not choose maximum extent images. Based on our results, we suggest utilization of a MIP generated from the full cine CT data set to ensure a representative inclusive tumor extent, and to avoid geometric miss.